tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6739547941040468952024-03-17T12:32:52.982+05:30Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa DāsĀdibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās
"पुंभाव सरस्वति" "संगीत साहित्य सार्ववभौम" "लयभ्रह्म" "पंचमुखि परमेश्वर" "ఆట పాటల మేటి"
VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.comBlogger75125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-37304861597105401662024-03-17T12:16:00.006+05:302024-03-17T12:32:07.151+05:30శ్రీకృష్ణ తత్త్వం, వేదాంత సారం<p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgShZj4JTx_uB73bUgt4P6ndMCfY_gVg7QYv5H4MjAK2X7nY70xoyL-1ua6OoHsdpkBAjTXcN6pLWF0Fs279LvKc22VLkn574C19hi_-XG-3ags6uyLgztGraHe6H7XJcEtmma94k7eQ2uZ4O9Njcvn46w9iqsjLyjxTWP76AvVUCSq5o8C_X33KC1M-Cs/s874/Hare%20Krishna.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="685" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgShZj4JTx_uB73bUgt4P6ndMCfY_gVg7QYv5H4MjAK2X7nY70xoyL-1ua6OoHsdpkBAjTXcN6pLWF0Fs279LvKc22VLkn574C19hi_-XG-3ags6uyLgztGraHe6H7XJcEtmma94k7eQ2uZ4O9Njcvn46w9iqsjLyjxTWP76AvVUCSq5o8C_X33KC1M-Cs/s320/Hare%20Krishna.jpeg" width="251" /></a></div><div>ఈ రెండు పద్యాలలో శ్రీకృష్ణ తత్త్వాన్ని ఎంతచక్కగా ఆవిష్కరించారో, వాటిలో ఎంత వేదాంతం నిబిడివుందో చూడండి! </div><p></p><p> <span face="Gautami, sans-serif">గీ॥ ద్రౌపదికిదోడ! వెన్నెలదాపరీడ!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> కల్మిచెలిఱేడ! బత్తులగ్రాచుప్రోడ!</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> క్రీడి చెలికాడ! గొల్లలకోడెగాడ!</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> నన్నుగావుము నీవాడ నల్లవాడ</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif">గీ॥ అన్నిటికిదుద మొదలయియున్నవాడ !</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> పలుతెఱంగుల నొకడవై పరగువాడ !</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> దొరికిదొరకని యట్టుల దిరుగువాడ !</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> నేనునీవాడజుమ్ము నాలోనివాడ !</span> </p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">ఆదిభట్ల నారాయణ దాసు </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"><b>"గజేంద్ర మోక్షణము"</b></span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> (అంకిత</span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">పద్యములు)</span></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-36910386761539896272023-10-25T05:45:00.008+05:302023-10-25T14:15:28.330+05:30సత్కవి ప్రశంస<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcIlP5n8wsOEEZGS2YVAU85v-JaAAx0PpaozWHvNc8awFe13aNm7q5O60M6JY3CIL4_bW7L0FKQmdmQzBmxog0y1Bt2pZ44XblUKAOx0tD3NIveQQJ7-EZLzy7ezEVFjThL62sjA8Rrhr4yd9EI5zhZVdQgA4j7cxQeTa1oU6NFQZwrvPHZ4KHiN45C10/s398/VJEO0873.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="298" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcIlP5n8wsOEEZGS2YVAU85v-JaAAx0PpaozWHvNc8awFe13aNm7q5O60M6JY3CIL4_bW7L0FKQmdmQzBmxog0y1Bt2pZ44XblUKAOx0tD3NIveQQJ7-EZLzy7ezEVFjThL62sjA8Rrhr4yd9EI5zhZVdQgA4j7cxQeTa1oU6NFQZwrvPHZ4KHiN45C10/w300-h400/VJEO0873.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>SRI NARAYANA DAS HONOURED WITH A<br />GAJAROHANAM. SEEN IN THE PIC WITH<br />ELDER BROTHER SRI PERAYYA SASTRY</b></td></tr></tbody></table><br />ఆపాటి యీపాటి యవధాని యధికారి </span></div></span></div><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Gautami",sans-serif" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">యగునె నీ <b>ఋక్సంగ్రహమ్ము</b> కొరుక<br /></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">వట్టి </span>"<span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">ఎం. ఏ</span>" <span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">తలంబట్టునే నీ <b>నవ</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"><b>రసతరంగిణి </b>లోని రసకణంబు</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">పాణినితో నెంతొ పాతఱికము లేక</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">తాకగలరె</span><span lang="TE"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">నీ <b>తారక</b> కృతి</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">పారసితో నాల్గుబాసల మున్గి నీ</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"><b>యుమ్మర్ కయామ్</b> చేత నూనవలయు</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">బ్రహ్మవా</span><span lang="TE"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">మగరూపున బరగువాని</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">రాణివా</span><span lang="TE"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">కానిచో నిట్టి ప్రతిభ కలుగు</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">నృహరికై నాల్గుమూలల నెమకుచుంటి</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">నేడనున్నాడో</span><span lang="TE"> </span><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE">సత్కవీ నీవె తెలుపు</span><o:p></o:p></p><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" lang="TE"><br /></span></span></div></div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-64812595793466203972023-09-25T18:56:00.043+05:302024-02-23T22:52:51.940+05:30Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās – The Versatile Genius<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><h2 style="line-height: 18pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-align: right;"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">By </span>Dr. K Savithri Devi</span></h2></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOesNgJFyhI2QjZlsscu7zgArkacCMf8erkXdSHptTGGDA980G_MsDcYqWc0rfqbJZPjeUglyb0SgElbEjPaACB-T82dY8iqvdllGnPFL_JUe20sLDyh1Lkh3FTMXH6hoR-PNtGLtyI9LnSjRH3godgpyby7mo3A1p-yW5AqZuObc4hZsJe75BQ01s9-w/s478/LDLZ6163.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOesNgJFyhI2QjZlsscu7zgArkacCMf8erkXdSHptTGGDA980G_MsDcYqWc0rfqbJZPjeUglyb0SgElbEjPaACB-T82dY8iqvdllGnPFL_JUe20sLDyh1Lkh3FTMXH6hoR-PNtGLtyI9LnSjRH3godgpyby7mo3A1p-yW5AqZuObc4hZsJe75BQ01s9-w/s320/LDLZ6163.JPG" width="213" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>This long-read research article was originally published in </span><i>Nartanam</i><span>, a </span><span>quarterly</span><span> magazine devoted to culture and fine arts published by the Sahrdaya Arts Trust. </span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">Gajapati
kings ruled over the Vizianagara samsth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">nam, in the present Vizianagaram district,
during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - a glorious period during which
great scholars of different fields lived in Vizianagaram. The name of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">r</span><span class="SubtitleChar" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">madajja</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">a </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">la N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">s
stands foremost among them.</span></span></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">It
was a time when aesthetic audiences and connoisseurs relentlessly demanded
excellence. An artiste like N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s, who
vowed to himself that he would be second to none, had the perfect setting. His
chosen field required a combination of different faculties to be brought into
play and N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s
turned out to be an artiste par excel.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">mad</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">jj</span><span lang="EN-US">āḍā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">la
N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
was an incomparable and inimitable genius who embodied all arts - literature,
extempore poetry, music, dance and mastery of several languages. His
multi-faceted personality, quick mind, splendid gift</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;"> of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">repartee
and the ability to perform ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">g</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ta
S</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">hitya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">A</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣṭā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">vadh</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">na</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">’
astounded scholars of all fields and forms.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">Maṅgaḷampalli Bālamuraḷikrishna’s
Tribute</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">Ma</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ga</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ampalli
B</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">lamura</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ikrishna,
world renowned </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Music" title="Carnatic Music"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Carna</span><span style="color: black;">ṭ</span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ic vocalist</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222;"> musician and multi-instrumentalist paid a
tribute to <span class="apple-converted-space">Nārāya</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222;">a</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḍā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">la N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">su g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ru Trim</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tmakulu, Tri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">akti svar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">pulu, sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ta, s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">hitya, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tya, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ukavita, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ruti, svara, laya,
Harikath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mahulu. V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ri s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">i g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">nar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">du, yugapuru</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ulu. A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">uva</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">iv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ru na bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> bhavi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">yati<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">Dr.
M. B</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">lamura</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ikrishna
as he had stated, was fortunate enough to be introduced to N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
in his home in Vizianagaram, by his Guru </span><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ī </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">P</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">rupalli R</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">makrishnayya Pantulu. N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
sang and asked the young Mura</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">i
to sing. On listening to the child he blessed him that he would become very
famous. Dr. M. B</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">lamura</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ikrishna
considered himself very fortunate for being blessed by Nārāyaṇa D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
in the presence of his Guru and conveyed his reverence and bhakti for N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
in a k</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">rtana
which he sang and sent the record of the same, on the occasion of </span><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">mad
R</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">m</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
Harikatha G</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">na
Yaj</span><span lang="EN-US">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">,
organized by Harikatha Choo</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ama</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">i,
Sri M.V.Simhachala </span><span lang="EN-US">Śā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">stry.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The
lyric he composed and sang through which he paid a tribute to N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
Dās:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">san</span><span lang="EN-US">āmasmaraṇam śubhapradam</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḍā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">la
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">sa
nāmasmaraṇam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> śubhapradam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">a
kath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">maha
n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">dalaya
n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">ya
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">ukavita
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">pradam</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Sundara vigraham natānugraham.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">sa
n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āmasmaraṇam śubhapradam</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Kāncanakankaṇādi dharaṇam, kathaka kalpam,
bhūruham</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Śaṃbhu gambhīra nisvanam.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">Śaṃbh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">ō, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">śaṃbh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">ō, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">śaṃbh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">ō, mura</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ḷī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">na</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">Ras</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">sv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">da nirata </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āśra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">yē
tavap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: justify;">dakamala</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">m</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">sa
n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āmasmaraṇam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">‘The</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">
Child Is Father Of The Man’</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> was
born in Ajj</span><span lang="EN-US">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">a,
(agrah</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra) a <span style="background: white;">village near<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbili" title="Bobbili"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bobbili</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ndhra Pradesh on 31.8.1864, on </span><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">va</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a, bahu</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a caturda</span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">i, Wednesday in the year
of Rakt</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">i. His surname ‘</span><span lang="EN-US">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭla’ is quite
appropriate to the man of genius. </span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">di
means the very first in order. Bha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭu signifies a serious preceptor of Vēda-s.) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">His </span><span lang="EN-US">knowledge
and all his talents were inborn and inherent waiting to unfold and evolve
gradually. His father was V</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">nka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">acayani
</span><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">astri,
a poet, a singer with a deep voice and well-versed in Pur<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222;">a-</span></span><span lang="EN-US">s. He
authored ‘Dhana</span><span lang="EN-US">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US">jaya
Vijayamu’ a prabandha</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">. With his ardent devotion and invocation to Ga</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ga, ‘</span><span lang="EN-US">ēhyēhi Gaṅgē tava
darśnam haṭhāt’, śl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ōk</span><span lang="EN-US">āṣṭakastuti, </span><span lang="EN-US">he
could bring water into a dry well. An up<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>saka of Lord Suryan<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>r<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a, he
cured himself of tuberculosis with his ardent devotion. Later he named his
fifth son (and eighth child) Suryan<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>r<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>yana
who became famous as <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ mother was
Narasam<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span>mba. She studied
all the Pur<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">ā</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s
(epics). She taught her youngest son, <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> when
he was a child, Bh</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gavata</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> which
captivated his interest. She was known
to the public as ‘Pur</span><span lang="EN-US">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">amula Narasamma’ and ‘Caduvulavva’. Music was in his genes. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> wrote
in his biography that his father would sing in his deep voice, like it was from
a conch, in Sura</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga
frequently. He would</span><span lang="EN-US">
</span><span lang="EN-US">read
from V</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lm</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ki’s R</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a and
Vy</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa’s Bh</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gavata
in </span><span lang="EN-US">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> and S</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">veri r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s
and explain them to his listeners. A maternal uncle of <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> would
read verses from epics and another would sing beautifully with a loud voice
which could be heard quite far. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ parents opined
that his talents of reading verses and singing melodiously were inherited from
his maternal uncles. He inherited poetry, fearlessness, truthfulness,
scholarship, independent spirit, physical strength and frankness from his
paternal genes.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
the words of William Wordsworth, ‘The Child is father
of the Man.’ Even in his childhood his natural characteristics like courage,
fearlessness, straightforwardness, meticulous understanding, and observation of
nature, vast knowledge, rhythmic singing and dramatic prowess began to reveal
themselves. In the agrah</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra-s
which resemble the peaceful surroundings of sages, as a child he observed with
rapturous delight ponds filled with lotus flowers, constantly running rivulets,
fertile lands, green pastures, trees, bushes, mountains, deer and other animals
moving around in those areas, different kinds of birds and all things bright
and beautiful that the Lord God made.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
his autobiography, ‘N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">
Yeruka’ he asserts that childhood, before teenage, is truly the divine phase of
life, a stage of total faith in temples, idols of deities, stories of the divine and words of elders.
Greeting all the animals, plants and trees as humans, believing that God exists
in all substances and experiencing ecstatic delight is a pleasant memory. Childhood is truly the essence of life and
its recollections bring some contentment and some consolation to the worries of
later life.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">He
would do whatever he felt like without a second thought. He never feared people
or animals and would wander in the forests alone fearlessly. His childhood was
filled with rapturous delight, easy contentment, boundless enthusiasm, immense
joy and happiness.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
referred to his childhood in his ‘M</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">rka</span><span lang="EN-US">nḍē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya
caritra’ in a k</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">rtana
set in N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">dan</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">makriya
r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ga
and Tripu</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
t</span><span lang="EN-US">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a.<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></a></span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">Pallavi – celleb</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">
nirupam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">nand</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">li</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ṣṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">amau n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"> b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">lya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;">bu</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">Anupallavi – gullalu, cippalu m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">ūṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">a mulle
t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">nalpa
sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">tu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">ṣṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">i</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">Misram - kollamugan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">u cippacippa g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;">ōḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">u d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">gum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">talu</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Parava</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
vennelama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
gujjana g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ūḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
navvun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ōḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">u</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span>ṇ<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s remembered his awareness
and feelings experienced right from his third year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was highly precocious and as a
four-year-old, though he didn’t know writing, he could read Sanskrit and Telugu
very fast. As per the principle, ‘pancam</span>ē varṣē Brahma varcasa kāmasya’
his Upanayanam was performed when he was five years old. Listeners would praise
his melodious singing while he sang some tunes to himself. While his mother
constantly told him some stories from purā<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a-s
he would curiously listen to her and absorb their messages and became
devotional at a very young age like Prahlāda. He would dance rhythmically to
the beat of drums in the festivities of the local deities that took place in
their counties. In this way, devotion, singing and dancing skills got
cultivated in him even in his childhood. Seeing him whiling away time playing,
without learning letters of the alphabet, his mother expressed her anxiety that
he didn’t learn the letters yet. Considering her concern, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span>ṇ<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s learnt all the
letters in half a day; wrote and showed them to her. As a boy and even later,
he had a prodigious memory. He was an </span><span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Ēka Sa</span>n<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tagr</span>ā<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">hi, one who can
reproduce immediately after listening to anything once. </span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">His parents were
surprised at his skills. Ka</span>ḷ<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">id</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">sa’s words, ‘Prap</span>ē<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dir</span>ē<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> pr</span>ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ktana janma vidya’ came true in his case.</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">As
a five-year-old boy N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s was
very naughty. He would go out into the street and get into fights with his
fellow kids. His father would read aloud Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a at home and explain its meaning. He
wouldn’t go somewhere else and explain Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a. However rich a person was, if he wanted
to listen to Cayanulu’s Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a he must go to his house and listen to it. To avoid S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rya N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a going
out and getting into quarrels he would tie both his hands and them to his vy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sap</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a (bookstand) and continue reading Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a. The
boy S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rya N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a,
without making mischief, would look at the book being read by his father who
would try to move his head aside to be able to read properly with no hindrance.
But the boy persisted in looking at the book while it was being read aloud. In
this manner three months passed by and the boy N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
started reading Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s
independently at the age of five years and five months. Cayanulu understood
that his son was K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">ajanmu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u, the
one who was born for a great cause but he didn’t reveal it to anyone. He got Ak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">bhy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">samu
performed to his son just for the sake of performing it<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He was not five years old, his mother asked for Bh</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gavata</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> in a bookshop at P</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rvat</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">pura</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">. Questioned by </span><span lang="EN-US"><span>Rāmānujula</span><span> Ra</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gayya Sātāni,
the bookshop owner, what she would do with the book, she told him that her son
would read the book and she would explain the meaning. When <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> read
the contents of the book aloud musically and clearly and his mother explained
the meaning, a surprised crowd gathered to listen to them. Ra</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gayya
gifted him the book, happily. It was the
first recognition of <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ talent and he
cherished it very dearly. In this way, <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s’
acquisition of knowledge began with Mah</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">bh</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">gavata</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">. Also he learnt Raghuvam</span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">
at the age of five from his father who was a Sanskrit scholar. ‘Music was his
wet nurse and classical literature his feed’.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Even
from an early age he could get indication of the forthcoming events and it was
his nature to reveal whatever he knew without any hesitation. He would
sometimes suffer by revealing what he knew. One day when his father was
planting brinjal saplings his elder brother brought in their field, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> told
his father quite certainly that though he was planting them very hopefully, it
would be of no avail. On hearing that, his father became very angry and showed
his rage on the poor child. The brinjal crop, which was about to get ready in a
few days, got destroyed completely by the overflow of the rivulet. In his
eleventh year, he got angry with his family members, went to the flowing
rivulet and slept with his head on a rocky outcrop in the middle. The water
came up to his neck and yet he didn’t wake up. As the tide was rising, he would
have completely drowned in a little while. A villager happened to see this and
woke up the child and took him home. Sleeping soundly with no sense of the body
was his nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1874, when <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">was
ten years old, Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta Vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n of
the Bobbili Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">sth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mbayya
happened to listen to the ten-year-old <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">reading
Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gavata
verses in different r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Captivated by <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ powerful
voice and the depiction of r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s,
he took the child with him to Bobbili to give him a formal training in music,
with the permission of his mother, and taught him the basics in an auspicious
moment. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">was
there in Bobbili for just a month and returned to his place due to ill health.
In this way his formal training lasted for a month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But very soon with the little formal training
he had, he got himself self-trained with his hard work and inborn talent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He imbibed Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Śā</span><span lang="EN-US">stra
Ratn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">kara
and became an incomparable genius in the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">When
he was twelve years old his elder brother S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mayya
admitted <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
as a student of Nir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">gha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">amu
Kri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">nayya,
a Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ta
Vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">n
in the court of the Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jah
of </span><span lang="EN-US">Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m. The vidvān had a habit
of moving his hands, face and eyes while singing. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
started imitating and moving even more. The teacher refused to teach N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
further, complaining to his father that he was mocking at him by overdoing his
actions.</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Teenage And Turning Point</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> was
sent to Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> to his
brother S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mayya
to learn English when he was fourteen years old. He was already versed in Sanskrit,
Telugu and Mathematics very well by the time. He could learn English very
quickly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He got double promotions and
the Principal’s free scholarship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he
thought he learnt more outside the school than in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would sing beautifully and would attract
many by his poetry and music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guraj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">a App</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> Rao
and Gi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">ugu R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rty
were in his friends’ group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he was
sixteen years old, he lost his father who was fifty nine. Though he didn’t show
sufficient interest in school education he passed Matriculation in 1886.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">His
arrival at Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m started a new chapter in his life. All arts and a</span><span lang="EN-US">ll the
fields of education flourished and reached their peak there and the city had
the golden time during that period in its history. Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m of those days was
considered the second Kaśi for all the Śā</span><span lang="EN-US">stra-s and the
cultural capital of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ndhra.
With the Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah’s
support several great musicians, scholars, writers, actors and dancers settled
in the city. Several others would come to the city to participate in its
festivities, prove their skills and abilities, find out how they were rated and
leave the city. A vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n
was one, who was honoured in Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m which was an examination centre for all the
skilled and educated of different fields.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The multi-faceted talent
of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s,
which was latent till then, developed rapidly into a mighty tree, with his
association with great musicians like Mahabat Kh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">n, D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ula S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ryan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">may</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">julu, Pappu Ve</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">kanna,
Vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">
V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ēṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
Rama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
and Kaligo</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">la
K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ju.
The great vai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ika,
Vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">
V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ēṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
Rama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
aroused his interest in playing the instrument. Kaligo</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">la K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ju excelled in the knowledge of
‘Laya’ and his association, helped N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
practice and perfect the art of ‘Laya’. The company of these stalwarts and the
month long basic training he received from </span><span lang="EN-US">V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mbayya
acted as prologue to the preparation of the stage for his enthralling
performance of ‘Harikatha’. He added his creativity and originality to the
knowledge acquired from all possible sources. During this stage of a student
itself, with music and narration, he would make all those who saw him, lovers
of art.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant-caps: small-caps; text-align: left;"><b>Turning
Point</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1883, at the age of 19, <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s </span><span lang="EN-US">watched ‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
caritra</span><span lang="EN-US">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ Kath</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lak</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣē</span><span lang="EN-US">pa
performance of Kuppusw</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">my
N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">idu of
Chennai. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s,
all eyes and ears during the performance, at once realized the potentialities
of the new form of art.</span><span lang="EN-US">
Dance, drama, music, poetry, philosophical discourse, and humour can all
find a place in it to enthrall spectators and to instill devotion in them. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s,
an original genius,</span><span lang="EN-US"> decided for good: he would be a Harid</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s. Very
soon he authored his ‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
Caritra</span><span lang="EN-US">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’. He
rehearsed it with his brother P<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>ranna
who accompanied him always, in his brother S</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mayya’s
house. S</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mayya
expressed his joy gifting him a pair of anklets. Wearing those anklets, <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">gave
his first performance in the V<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">u G</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">p</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">laswamy
ma</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US"> at
Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">. He
was nineteen when he became a Harikatha artiste. Harikatha art form was the right choice of
the versatile genius to propagate the conduct of righteousness, devotion and
the path to m</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a. He performed ‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva caritra</span><span lang="EN-US">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in various places, displaying his powers
of imagination and narration to the best advantage. His narration was interspersed with song,
dance, brilliant wit and genial humour.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">On
one of his trips he made a good bond of friendship with Jayanti K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>sam, a great lawyer who was
older than <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s.
He was quite educated and an admirer of literature and arts. Hence, he very
easily understood N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’
scholarship and purity of heart.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">He
went to Narasannap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ta
with his brother P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ranna
and performed </span><span lang="EN-US">‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
Caritra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in
the presence of the dignitaries of the place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H. R. Bardswell, a sub-collector in the district was one among the
audience. He was so delighted by the performance of <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
that he tried to attend all his later performances without fail. He became one
of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’
close friends.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">One
of the spectators in Catrapura</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">
watched ‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
caritra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ and
expressed his doubt whether ‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
caritra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ was
authored by <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">, if so
he wanted him to author ‘A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">bar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṣō</span><span lang="EN-US">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">khy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">wrote
the Harikatha in one night, practised it and performed it early in the morning
to the surprise of everyone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was in
1884.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He earned the praises of
scholars and the laity alike.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">During
this trip he performed for the first time ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta
S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">hitya
‘aṣtāvadhānamu’ in a village called Lokan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">. His proficiency and remarkable memory
helped in performing ‘a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">vadh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu’ easily.</span><span lang="EN-US"> From
there he proceeded to several places, performed Harikatha, received a lot of
praises of great Pundits and returned to Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m with his name reputed as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s.
He was twenty years old then.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Rare Gifts And Principles</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">In
December 1886, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
took his Matriculation examination at </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ku</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">amu.
He, by then, was capable of exhibiting his unusual talents<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.
Some of the rare gifts he had were –</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-indent: -36pt;">Reading a book in Telugu or Sanskrit with
lightning speed while the book was constantly kept rotating</span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-indent: -36pt;">Reproducing verses in English, Telugu and
Sanskrit after hearing them only once</span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">Singing a pallavi in a t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">a
chosen by his audience (In his autobiography, ‘N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;"> Yeruka’ he reveals he is ‘Pu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ṭṭu layakāḍa’- expert of
‘laya’ by birth</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">Display of skill in singing various r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ga-s ,
playing the v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">na</span></span></li></ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
clearly stated that only a person endowed with g</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">tam, v</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dyam and nṛtyam can be a musician of the
finest calibre. He admired V</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
n</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">da and would have P</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">ri R</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mam</span><span lang="EN-US">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rti as an accompanist on V</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a to his Harikatha performances. He would quote Y</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US">avalkya’s
sm</span><span lang="EN-US">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">ti
vacana quite frequently as an authoritative saying. It asserts that a v</span><span lang="EN-US">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a v</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dana
tatvajña attains m</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
easily: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">‘V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">a v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">dana
tatvaj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ḥ śruti jāti viśāradaḥ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">Tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">aj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ścā prayāsēna </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">am</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;">rgam
niyachati’</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">Extempore composition of verse in Telugu
and Sanskrit in given metres and on a given topic (He writes in ‘N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">
Yeruka’- N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;"> sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ta </span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">hityamulu
sahaja sidhamulu-’ My Music and literature are natural )</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">Performing eight things known as ‘a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">vadh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">mu'</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-indent: -36pt;">Giving extempore lectures in Telugu and
English and singing for large gatherings of thousands of people</span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">Dance performance (His t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ava
(male) and l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -36pt;">sya
(female) version of dance were a rare treat to the eyes.)</span></span></li></ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
married Lak</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">mi
Narasamma, daughter of Va</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">lam</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ni
Annappa at the age of twenty one. When he was twenty-five years old, he laid
out some principles for his life. A few of them were:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Not to dedicate
his work to human beings for money</span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">To treat women
with respect due to a mother</span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">N</span>ot to speak a lie</span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">N</span>ot to tolerate
violence against animals</span></li></ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">So
many people among his relatives performed some religious rituals (som</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">di
kratuvulu) which included animal sacrifices. He couldn’t tolerate those
ceremonies as there was killing of animals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant-caps: small-caps;"><b>Travels And Honours</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">For
fourteen months, during the period 1888-89, he travelled to various places in </span><span lang="EN-US">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ndhra
Pradesh to perform Harikatha and to spread the power of his art showing his
unique talent to all.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Rajamah<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US">n</span><span lang="EN-US">dravara</span><span lang="EN-US">mu</span><span lang="EN-US"> was the first place he visited. He
received a great applause of all and sundry. Among his predominant admirers was
very reputed lawyer, Ny</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">pati
Subb</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> Rao.
Though V</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>sali</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ga</span><span lang="EN-US">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US"> Pa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">tulu and <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
criticized each other in the initial days, there are evidences that they
respected each other later. V</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>sali</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ga</span><span lang="EN-US">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;"> Pa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">tulu got N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s’ work ‘B</span><span lang="EN-US">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">as</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ri’ prescribed as a text book for
Matriculation in 1902 and presented ‘Navaratnakhacita bhuja k</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">rti’
to him in the presence of all, in a meeting in 1912<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></a>.<b><sup> </sup></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">His
performance of ‘A</span><span lang="EN-US">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">bar</span><span lang="EN-US">īṣō</span><span lang="EN-US">p</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">khy</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in
Kap</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">l<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>svara temple, Chennai earned him
great applause and fame. In its issue of June 30, 1894, <i>The Hindu</i> praised him as</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">An exquisite poet, a versatile genius conversant with English, a
profound scholar in Telugu and Sanskrit and an accomplished musician of the
most enchanting type. While this pride of Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US">m was unfolding the
story with his inimitable skill, the audience was beside itself with joy. Not
only was he applauded time and again, but, at the close, there was a
spontaneous outburst from every one present exclaiming that it was a rare and
excellent treat. Of the gifted expounder, it may be well and truly said, that
he is entitled to be spoken of in glowing terms by the best of Pundits, by the
most skillful songsters, by the most ardent lovers of music and by the most
reputed of elocutionists. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The rhythmic
cadences of his harmonious voice, the melodious intonations of his musical
flight, and the snatches of vivid and picturesque representations of nature,
conjured up by his lively and constructive faculty of magination and his powerful
command of the language appealed to the listeners’ spiritual sensibilities.</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
the year 1894, Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>ndra W</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">diy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r of Mysore watched <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’
performances of ‘A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">bar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṣō</span><span lang="EN-US">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">khy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu’</span><span lang="EN-US"> and
‘Gaj<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>ndram<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ō</span>k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu’</span><span lang="EN-US"> at Bengal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ru
and was extremely delighted. On his invitation, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">went
to Mysore during Dussehra and performed Harikatha-s in Telugu and Sanskrit,
translating into English. The Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah
asked <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
whether he would serve in his Darb</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r
for which <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">he </span>replied that he would not like to serve
mortals. Unhesitant, he expressed his independent spirit and fondness for free
living. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The philosopher in him made him choose an
independent life of devotion and the service of God.</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Enchanted
by <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ rendering
of Dhany</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">si r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga, the
Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah had
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’
concert recorded on a phonograph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He got
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">him</span> sing for the recording, a verse he had written in Telugu, in
S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">sa
metre, on Bengal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ru,
‘Alaru t<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>niyal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ru’ in
Junjh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ūṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">i r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga, r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga
Kanna</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">a and a
tu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">ri, ‘Sayya
j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">vo nahi
b<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ō</span>lu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in
Hindust</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ni
Bhairavi r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga.
Captivated by the music of <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s,</span><span lang="EN-US"> Mysore Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US">h
remarked that he hadn’t heard such voice and music, a combination of Hindustani
and Carn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ic. On
being asked where he had learnt music, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
replied that his music and literature were his own. The Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="EN-US">h
honoured <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
felicitously with shawls, gold bracelets, a v</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a, a ta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ra
and Rs.1116. That was the highest honour in Mysore that <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
received</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">After
completing his victorious journey he returned to Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m. No vidvān of the
court informed about his success to the Maharājah of </span><span lang="EN-US">Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m. As he was free and
independent and as he lacked the attitude of approaching the powerful for
favours, he was living in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">
as usual without any court connection. Meanwhile, Li</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">gamu Lak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣmājī paṅtulu who had scholarship in Greek,
Latin, German and English and was respected by Maharājah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">
as his Guru, knew about N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’
talent and scholarship. He thought if such a person wasn’t in the court it
could be a shortcoming of the court itself and informed </span><span lang="EN-US">Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nanda
Gajapati about<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s. The Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jah</span><span lang="EN-US">
invited <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
happily and made him a vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n
of his court. However, he could attend the court as per his wish and not every
day like the other employees. The entire Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> echoed his stentorian call ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">’
and he </span><span lang="EN-US">earned
fame as the exponent of Harikatha when he was thirty years old. The honours of
R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ja-s of
Puduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ōṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a and
Tiruv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nkur
followed.</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1902 - 1913</b></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">On the advice of his mother, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">authored
‘S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">vitr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">
Caritramu’ in 1902 and was blessed with a daughter in 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He named her ‘S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">vitri’. He authored ‘Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ma
Caritra’ also in 1902.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
performed ‘Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in
the annual musical meet of the Dak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">tya G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yaka
Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sabha
in Bengal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ru in
1904. In recognition of his name and fame, the Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sabha appointed a famous m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ga vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n, Dak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣiṇā</span><span lang="EN-US">murti Pillai
as an accompanist. He felt infra dig to perform as accompanist to one he
thought was a mere Harikatha artiste and tried to put him to a test. Accepting
the unspoken challenge, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> wanted to
demonstrate his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">t</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḷ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> skill.
He began singing the k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">ti
in one gati, maintained another gati with castanets and danced to another gati.
Unable to decide which one he should follow the m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gist toyed with his instrument for a while
and finally gave up. He received roaring applause for this matchless performance.
The audience and scholars hailed him as ‘Laya Brahma’.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Once
when he was about to start ‘Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">br</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">lu,
someone from the audience mischievously asked him to narrate ‘Giri katha’
instead of ‘Harikatha’. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s narrated ‘G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">vardhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">amu’
with a spontaneous flow of prose, poetry and k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rtana-s. ‘G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">vardhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">amu’
like </span><span lang="EN-US">‘Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">uva
caritra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’, his
first composition, was unpublished.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s lost
his mother in 1905. When his brother fell ill in 1908 and doctors gave up hope
he composed and recited M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">tyu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US">jaya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">iva </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ataka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu,</span><span lang="EN-US"> seated
</span><span lang="EN-US">near
his bed. To the surprise of everyone, including the doctors, his brother
recovered the next day.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1913 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nanda
Gajapati’s sister Appalak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">day</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">ba (R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">i)
listened to N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s’ ‘Hari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ca</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span><span lang="EN-US">dr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">khy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">’ which
so emotionally upset her that she requested him to perform a Harikatha which
didn’t have such an element of sadness. He performed ‘Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’. She
was beside herself with joy and assured him spontaneously to ask for anything
that he wanted and it would be granted. She was stunned to hear him say that
his wish was for constant devotion to God and there is nothing to wish for but
God’s grace. Though disappointed, she rewarded him with forty big gold coins
and silk clothes.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">It
deserves to be mentioned here that while N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s
performed ‘Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US">’ Harikatha,
in the context of describing the beauty of young Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇi</span><span lang="EN-US"> and her gaits, he himself walked in
different ways explaining the importance and beauty of each gait that expresses
a particular mood of Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇi</span><span lang="EN-US">. The audience watched spellbound and no one
remembered to have seen the six-footed and well built huge body of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s with
his big moustache and castanets. Instead they saw beautiful Rukmi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇi</span><span lang="EN-US">
herself moving with natural grace.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
didn’t dedicate his harikatha-s to human beings though many rich tried to lure
him with various kinds of riches for the great honour. He dedicated his works
to the Almighty with an ardent desire for liberation. (Only </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hariścandrōpākhyānamu
and Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US">
Yathārtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu were dedicated to his
parents and wife respectively).</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
extensively travelled from Kolkata to Kanyakumari to deliver Harikatha-s. He</span><span lang="EN-US">
developed a style of music all his own combining the technical lore of the
South with the ease and grace of the North. In 1913, he got his daughter married;
went to V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US">i and
on his return trip, he met the famous singer J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">bai in Allahabad. She was spellbound by
his r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga
rendition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt delighted at her
praise as he identified her talent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
went to K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">lkata
from Allahabad and performed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛṣṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
Jananamu – a Sanskrit Harikatha with a Hindi exposition for the benefit of the
audience. Gurud<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>v Rav</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ndran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">th Tag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">re was
one of the spectators and was so much delighted watching <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’ Harikatha.
Years later when he met <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s </span><span lang="EN-US">in Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> he
told him in praise, ‘The Bēhāg r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga
that you sang that day is still echoing in my ears’.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">As
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
was not commercial, he treated all the places, starting from a small shop in
the market to the court of Mysore Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jah, as equally deserving his
Harikatha performance. He performed with the same zeal at all the places
spreading happiness and inculcating devotion to all.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 63.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 63pt 0cm 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 63.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 63pt 0cm 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">He was
charming in person, well-proportioned in body, dignified in bearing, graceful
in gait and merry in manner. So attractive and magnetic he was, that large
crowds delighted in simply following him feasting their eyes on him and hanging
on every word that dropped from his mouth</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="background-color: white;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">’</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">‘Harikatha Pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">maha’</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
the year 1914, the poet Laureate, Che</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">api</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ēṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Śā</span><span lang="EN-US">stry
honoured him in Bandar and among scholars and pundits gave ‘Harikatha Pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">maha’</span><span lang="EN-US"> title
to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">. Also </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Śastry</span><span lang="EN-US"> opined
that <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’
music was quite original and a proper blend of Carn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tic and Hindust</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ni</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">music. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">He
firmly believed that God hasn’t bestowed any one with such a stentorian voice
as that of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
who emphasized that true music doesn’t have differences. He was besides being
an artiste of Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jahs,
an artiste of people and above all an artiste in the court of the very Lord
Himself. </span><span lang="EN-US">The
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ka from
Bhagavadg</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta
befits him in every way.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span>Vidy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">vinayasa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">pann<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span> br</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">hma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; text-align: left;"> gani hastini</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span>Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">unicaiva
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">vap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">k<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span> ca pandita</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">ḥ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">
samadarsina</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">ḥ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;">’</span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
loved to be original always. But once in a while he would sing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jayad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">va’s A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">apadi-s, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">raya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">rtha Tara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s and R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s’ k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">rtana-s. He would play on v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">stry’s
‘Nikhilal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ka
Janani.’ However, he strongly felt that an artiste of scholarship would appeal
to the audience only with his creative originality.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> very
often recited </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ankar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rya St</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">tra-s
and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ka-s.
He was very fond of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ankar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rya’s ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">padi’. He
dedicated his V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">lpum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a and
Mokkuba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">i –
translation of Rigv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">da
Mantra-s to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ankar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rya.</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">‘Pancamukh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Param<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>svara’<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A Tami</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">
vocalist, Subrahma</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">ya
Iyer, came to Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">.
He was an expert in laya and he alone had the ability to sing and keep two
different beats simultaneously with his two hands. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">arranged
a concert for him on a grand scale and Subrahma</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">ya Iyer exhibited his skill to the
satisfaction of all. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s </span><span lang="EN-US">praised him and
asked at the end whether he could sing and keep pace in five different times to
which he laughed and replied that it was quite difficult to keep time in two
different layas at the same time, let alone five. He challenged; if anyone
could demonstrate his skill in laya by keeping two paces at a time, one with
each hand, he would remove his ‘suvar</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
ghan</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭā</span><span lang="EN-US"> kanka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">’
(golden bracelet, a symbol of his heroic exploits) and surrender his title to
the winner. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
who mastered the technique of two beats even in his early youth and
demonstrated it to the musicians at Machil</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">patnam, accepted the challenge. </span><span lang="EN-US">That
was a red letter day in the annals of Indian music when <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
sang pallavi keeping five different layas at the same time to the amazement of
all<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></a>.</span><span lang="EN-US"> He was
at his best, sang with the sixteen svara-s, gave t</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nam, sabda and mukt</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yimpu
along with the superb demonstration of five layas at a time. The audience were
thrilled watching the superhuman feat. True to his word, the musician removed
his insignia of veerakanka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US">m (which was returned to
him soon after) and paid obeisance to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s. The pleased audience conferred
the title,</span><span lang="EN-US">
‘Pancamukh</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Param<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>svara’ on him. (Pancamukh</span><span lang="EN-US">i - He reckoned the tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a with
limbs of his body and head.) He sang showing </span><span lang="EN-US">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a in Tri</span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ragati with one hand, Catura</span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ra gati
with another, Khan</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">a gati
with one foot and Mi</span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ra gati
with another and Sa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a gati
with head, all at the same time, besides singing t</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nam, pallavi, giving Mukt</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yi at
the gap mentioned. This remains a historical achievement in Carn</span><span lang="EN-US">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ic
music and the record remains unbroken even today.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">On
another occasion he showed his control over </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a system by presenting Ṣanmukhi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a – six
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s at
a time. The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a is
performed with: two </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a -s
with both the hands, two </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s with the two shoulders, two </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tāḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s
with both the legs while balancing a lemon on the head.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
performed another rare feat in the presence of Challapalli Jamind</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r, Rājā
A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">kin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
Mallik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rjuna
Pras</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">da Rao
in 1914. He played V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a with
both left and right hands in Sama and Vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ama J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ti-s with expertise. He was honoured with
gold Gan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">apen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍē</span><span lang="EN-US">ram –
an ornament worn on the ankle as a mark of distinction.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> Krish</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rthi,
(the son of V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ēṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Rao,
V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
lecturer in the Vizianagaram music college, during the period when Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> was
its Principal) informed that while playing V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> would
maintain mi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ra gati
with the fingers of right hand, and Khanḍa gati with the little</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">finger
that beats</span><span lang="EN-US">
</span><span lang="EN-US">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a,
simultaneously while playing with the left hand caturasra gati. The total ak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ara-s
of the three gati-s 7 + 5 + 4 = 16 i.e. it equals one </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">varta of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">di t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a, 2<sup>nd</sup> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">la. No
vidw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n can
play in this technique all of a sudden without diligent practice<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Doing easily what others find difficult is
talent </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Doing what is impossible for talent is
genius.</span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: center;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">lost
his wife in 1915.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was an ardent
devotee of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma and
used to recite R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
regularly. As a mark of love for his wife <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">authored
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">t</span><span lang="EN-US">ha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mu</span><span lang="EN-US"> and
dedicated it to her.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Band</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> Kanakali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">swara
Rao wrote in his article, ‘Kath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nav</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">caspati<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>’:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">‘In his voice were
naturally embedded the effects of microphone and loud speakers. It would reach
an audience of five thousand spectators very easily’.</span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Band</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">
Kanakali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">swara
Rao was fortunate to watch </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanumat sandēśam </span><span lang="EN-US">of Nārāyaṇa D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s and wrote about his enchanting
performance that would transport</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">the audience to another world of
the story being narrated. They would get themselves so much involved in the
story that they would totally forget their whereabouts.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAgBJao1x-EYh_MKqX-0RM-BkCUZ7y9IHlbgoDouPhixkJlYJVqaXZeMHaQuW_NGxPIcuza3z0LheaLqZllcw9igFC9tRWMaNVmovmvSyrY7XPdbSHIe0-29ElF4aGl3F7grY_tdB42-ejgUe_cBHerCNmb0XKj-OjsywBFDhkxwDMqZEHECmjAZhzcw4/s333/sarasvati-9-xx.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="272" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAgBJao1x-EYh_MKqX-0RM-BkCUZ7y9IHlbgoDouPhixkJlYJVqaXZeMHaQuW_NGxPIcuza3z0LheaLqZllcw9igFC9tRWMaNVmovmvSyrY7XPdbSHIe0-29ElF4aGl3F7grY_tdB42-ejgUe_cBHerCNmb0XKj-OjsywBFDhkxwDMqZEHECmjAZhzcw4/w163-h200/sarasvati-9-xx.jpg" width="163" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The vast ocean is in front of our mind’s eye. We
have all monkeys sadly wondering how we could accomplish the task of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r</span><span class="SubtitleChar" style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US">ī R</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ā</span><span class="SubtitleChar" style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US">ma and how </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">we could cross the vast expanse of ocean. N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">s began singing a k</span><span class="SubtitleChar" style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">rtana. We felt that his body flew into the sky leaving
the earth. In a second such a tall, strong and sturdy body jumped on to La</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ka in one leap. </span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Hanuma crossed the ocean. We, the listeners,
crossed the ocean along with him. Experiencing the rasa in ecstasy, we swayed forward<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in our seats and returned to our senses only
after touching the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>front seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was a wondrous experience. I still can
see that scene even today. We can still listen to the sound of </span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">m reverberating in the </span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">l</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">pana of his ‘</span><span lang="EN-US">Śaṃbhō’. He is Harikatha Brahma. Such
Puṃbhāva Saraswati is Nabhūtō nabhaviṣyati.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span> </span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1919 To 1936: The first
principal Of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Vijaya R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">na P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ala<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Mah</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah
Vijayar</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma
Gajapati wished to establish a music college in honour of Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> and
requested Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> to be its
Principal. He didn’t accept the proposal for two reasons: He was 55 years old,
almost in retiring age and he had a principle not to serve any mortal. But the
Mah</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah
requested <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
earnestly, clarifying that he was not for college but the college was for him
and it would be established in his honour<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></a>.
The talent, name and fame of Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> would
help the development of college. Pandit
Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">
finally agreed to head the institution, with the proviso that he would consider
the college temple of Lord Rāma and he, His servant. The king further added
that he could work as many years as he wished to and even assured him that his
Harikatha performances could go uninterrupted. Nārāyaṇa<span style="background: white;"> D</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white;">s
stepped into the college to take up the responsibility as its Principal, with a
photo of ‘</span><span lang="EN-US">Śri Rāma Paṭṭābhiṣēkamu’
in his hands.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The music college, </span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Vijaya
R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">na P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭh</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ala’<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup> </sup></b>established by<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup> </sup></b>Maharājah Vijayar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma
Gajapati was opened on February 5, 1919. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> became
its first Principal and headed the Music College from 1919 to 1936. It was the
first Music College and there was no other from Chennai to K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">lkata. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> made
excellent musicians head their particular fields and developed the college
rapidly<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.
The College later on had the proud privilege of allowing its curriculum to be
adopted by the ‘Visva Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rati’of
Gurud<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>v Tagore at </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">anti
Nik<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>tan.<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> On February 5, 2019 the college completed hundred years and the
Government of </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ndhra
Prad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">sh celebrated the occasion for
three days on a grand scale.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Vin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yaka
Caviti would be celebrated in the Music College for nine days and the Lord
would be carried out into the streets of the town on a procession during which <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
would sing and dance. His disciples V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jula Subbayya and N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ti Lak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a would give him vocal support,
while </span><span lang="EN-US">Dw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US"> V<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">asw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">my N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
played the violin. Those events were of divine grandeur and memorable to the
spectators<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">After taking up the
appointment as the Principal of the Music College, he used his free time to
study many </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Śā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">str</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">s
and authored many books. He did a lot of research in the field of Music. <span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">
performed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Ṣanmukhi tāḷa during the fourteenth anniversary of ‘Vizianagaram
Maharāja College of Music’ in the month of February, in the year 1933. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">He</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> stood in front of an
august gathering of the Maharāja, eminent vidvān-s and crowds of people and
exhibited an astounding skill of performing Ṣanmukhi tāḷa balancing a lemon on
his head. He was hailed as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ta
S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">hitya
S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">rvabhauma’
for his literary and musical excellence. (Even after retirement, Harikath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">
Pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">maha
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">madajj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">a
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṭl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">a<i> </i><span style="background: white;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">,
Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">dhy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ya
T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">
Subb</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ya </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">astry
and Vai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ika S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">rvabhauma
Gur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ryula
V<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">a
Rama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ayya continued to be given their monthly
salaries by the Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">jah since they had spread
the fame of the court far and wide.)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1923 the All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting was held in Kakinada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many great national leaders took part in
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">jini Nai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u was one of them who praised <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US">’
Harikatha a lot. She said to him, ‘Your dance is exquisite’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s </span><span lang="EN-US">was the only
person who was selected as the representative of Indian Music to attend ‘The
Empire exhibition’ which was held in England, in 1923. His good friend
H.R.Bardswell (who was sub-collector in Vizianagaram, High Court Judge and
later Chief Justice of Pudukk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ōṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ai) cautioned him that he wouldn’t be able to
withstand the low temperatures of England at that age. So his journey to
England was stopped or else his stentorian voice would have definitely
announced the greatness of Indian music to the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Invitation To Attend The All
India Music Conference Held In Madras In December 1927</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’
</span><span lang="EN-US">sixtieth
birthday was celebrated on 30<sup>th</sup> August 1924.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> was crowded with singers and disciples
for the event.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
was invited to the All India Music Conference, the first Music Festival held in
December 1927, which is before the inauguration of the Madras Music Academy
that was formally inaugurated in 1928. <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">sang
his svar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ara k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">ti
compositions which were highly praised by Professor P. S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mbamurthy
and the other eminent musicians who attended the prestigious Conference<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.
He was praised by Tami</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ </span><span lang="EN-US">Vidv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">n-s
as ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ndhra D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">a Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ūṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ana</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">’.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Vikrama
D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>vavarma of Jeypore titled
him ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">hitya S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rvabhauma’.
The organization of Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">rtha
gave the title ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ala m<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">i’. K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">vyakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Ga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">apati muni (N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yana) titled him ‘P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Puru</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u’.</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Books Authored</b></span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
</span><span lang="EN-US">authored
21 Harikatha-s – 17 in Telugu, 3 in Sanskrit and 1 in pure Telugu devoid of
Sanskrit words.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
authored Navarasa Tara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">i, an
extra-ordinary work demanding unique scholarship, poetic ability and critical
insight. It was a comparative treatise on the treatment of the nine sentiments
of the works of William Shakespeare and Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">id</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa into Telugu. In translating the English
passages he used Telugu mixed with Sanskrit as in vogue, but in translating the
Sanskrit passages he used only Acca (pure) Telugu to bring out the beauty of
it. A dictionary of Acca Telugu words was appended to the book. Navarasa Tara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">i was
indeed, his ‘tour de force’ and earned for him the highest encomium from the
most discerning scholars of the day. There was nothing he did not know in
Sanskrit and Telugu.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">He
wrote K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">atakamu
after his visit to K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">i
in 1913-14. </span><span lang="EN-US">He
composed ‘T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">raka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US">’ in
Sanskrit, an original poem of 300 verses with difficult grammatical ‘Pray</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s’
which can be used to exemplify P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">i’s
grammatical rules. The poetical masterpiece ‘won the unstinted admiration and
unqualified encomiums from no less a person than Professor Gueldner of the
University of Marburg, Prussia<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>’.
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With T</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rakam,
he became a poet of international renown. No wonder if Bardswell, an ICS officer,
later on said he deserved the Nobel Prize in his letter dated 2.2.1939,
addressed to N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Das
had perfect mastery of Urdu, Persian, Arabic and English and was highly
appreciative of the philosophy of Omar Khaiyam, of which, he had direct access
to the meaning in the original Persian of the Rub</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(During 1900-1901, with the help of a Maulvi he learnt the script and
the rudiments of Urdu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Subsequently,
with self-study, he developed knowledge of Urdu, Persian and Arabic languages
to the level of a literary scholar.) He translated ‘Rubaiyat of Omar Khaiyam’
into Sanskrit and pure Telugu (1932). Fitzgerald depicted Omar as a libertine
because of his frequent references to ‘wine’ and ‘women’. N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Das
refuted his interpretation and proved how the much misunderstood Omar was a
great Bhakta who suggested the spiritual principle of ‘devotion’ and
‘attention’ by implication. His translation of Omar Khaiyam into Sanskrit and
Acca Telugu was ‘an astounding feat’ according to Dr S. Radhakrishnan. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
authored Da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">bhapura
prahasanamu and S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">gadhara
caritramu at the age of twenty six. The span of his subjects range from ‘N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ruga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">i’, a
book for children to ‘Jagajjy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ti’,
the substance of the A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣṭā</span><span lang="EN-US">da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">a
Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a-s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ki
Mi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ku, a
book on </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yurv<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>da, B</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">as</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ri, an allegorical poem, (which he wrote
at the age of twenty four) N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">
Yeruka, his autobiography made him a pioneer in many forms.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
is the only litterateur who wrote a comparative treatise on the works of K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">id</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s and
Shakespeare; the only writer-composer who translated into Telugu and set to
music Rigv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">dic
hymns and the only writer-composer who</span><span lang="EN-US"> composed a </span><span lang="EN-US">G</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US">tam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lika
comprising 90 Carn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ic r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s.
As a writer-composer who composed music in all the 72 Carn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ic r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s he
was next only to Ty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ja.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">After
his sixtieth year, he developed an interest in Astrology and gained an in-depth
knowledge of the subject. (He later got a temple for Navagraha-s constructed at
‘Ayya Koneru’ in Vizianagaram.)He had an ingenious and encyclopedic knowledge
of all fields.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US">He was
in the sense a student all his life; reading was a passion with him.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Kṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">asaha
ka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">asascaiva
vidy</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">marda</span><span lang="EN-US">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">ca s</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dhay</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">t<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US">K</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">aty</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US"> kut</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">vidya
ka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">aty</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US"> kut</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">dhanam.’
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hit</span><span lang="EN-US">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">pad</span><span lang="EN-US">ēś</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">a</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">A
second should not be wasted instead that should be used to gain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A coin shouldn’t be wasted instead it should be used to acquire money.
If a second is wasted knowledge is lost and if a coin is wasted money is lost.
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s was a
living example of the above </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">ka. He
never wasted a second in his life without gaining knowledge. He read books
voraciously and his reading times were from 9 or 10 in the night to 4 in the
morning. He would read books with the help of oil lamp. After a certain age he
would valiantly say, ‘Is there any Sanskrit book that is not read by me?’</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">If his erudition
left him peerless, the philosopher in him made him brush aside earthly fame. He
did not approve of an attempt to move the Nobel literature committee to make
him a laureate. Unfortunately he was recognized more as a Harikatha exponent than
as litterateur<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>’.</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">His
sixtieth birth anniversary was celebrated on a grand scale by his famed disciples
and admirers on 30.8.1924. In 1931 he presided over the seventh Musical
Conference, ‘Saptama G</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yaka
Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sabha’
in Guntur and gave a great discourse on music and literature.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Sometime
during 1931-1933 the Mah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">h of
Vizianagaram, Alaka N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Gajapati
got a harikatha arranged for N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s in
Ooty. The elite, the r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">jah
had invited, were overjoyed watching the performance of the exponent, the
artiste and his art. N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s
adorned a long coat to resist the chill, sang and danced,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to the delight of the spectators.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1933, the r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">h of
Jaipuram watched the performance of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s in
Vis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">khapatnam,
honoured him duly and titled him ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">hitya S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rvabhauma’.
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">s was
honoured and titled ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ala M<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">i’
during the annual celebrations of ‘Bharati T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">rtha’ institution presided over by the the
r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">h of
Jaipuram.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1936, after 17 years of commendable service, he retired as the Principal of Music
College of Vizianagaram and entrusted the responsibility to Dw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US"> V<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">asw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">my N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
who earned titles ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷā</span><span lang="EN-US">nidhi’
and ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta Ratn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">kara’.</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Magnum Opus And After
Retirement</span><span> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">H.R.Bardswell,
good friend of <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s would immensely enjoy watching
his harikatha-s and would applaud him as Shakespearean scholar. When Bardswell
was the Chief Justice of Puduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ōṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ai, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
performed in the court of Puduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ōṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ai. Later, after the darsan of Ananta Padman</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">bha
Sw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mi,
performed in Tiruvanantapuram and was honoured by the r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">h. He proceeded, later on, to </span><span lang="EN-US">Ram<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>swaram and Kany</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">kum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ri. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
composed his magnum opus (in 1938) Da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">avidhar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga
Navati Kusuma Ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US">jari,
in praise of the Goddess, after his pilgrimage to Ram<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>swaram and Kany</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">kum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ri. He would often speak of his dream in
which Kum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ri
Param<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>swari bestowed on him
Her grace. In 1944, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s received an invitation from the
Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">jah
of </span><span lang="EN-US">Jaipuram<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> in Orissa and he politely declined the invitation.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Doctor
P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ēṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">i Gurum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rti
told <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s,
‘It is not good for health to sing at this old age with such a loud voice. It
is very harmful and heart may stop suddenly.’ He replied, ‘If that were to
happen during my Harikatha, I will be the most fortunate. What else could I
desire?’ To another who advised him to stop the performances as he was aging,
he replied that his was not a mundane art and Hari k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rtana has to be done continuously
without pause in this life. Music was his life and that showed itself in its
entirety in Harikatha. It was a bridge between him and the Almighty. </span><span lang="EN-US">In his
‘V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">lpu
Vanda </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">atakamu’
he expressed his wish to God that death would be better than a life without
Harikatha.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In
1944 his disciples, friends and admirers wished to celebrate his eightieth
birthday on a grand scale. He replied that he was tired with honours and they
could celebrate Harikatha’s sixtieth birthday instead, as on date his Harikatha
was sixty year-old. Arrangements were being made according to his wish. That
was the year of 1945.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When his grandson,
Up</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dhy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yula S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">ryan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a Rao,
was attacked by small pox and had been suffering for a month, he expressed his
desire that his grandson should be freed from the disease and he would suffer
instead. He prayed to Goddess offering his own life in reparation for the
ordinance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seeing his daughter Savitri
standing near his bed, sobbing, he said, “Amma, I will not die unless I wish
for it. I wished for it. You don’t cry.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As he wished, while his grandson started recovering, <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> caught
hold of the fever which gradually intensified and separated his mortal frame
from this world on 2.1.1945, Pu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ya
Bahu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
Pancami. He welcomed death like Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">ma and that night he passed away peacefully, chanting
the name of Hari. The devotee merged with the Lord. A glorious chapter in the
cultural history of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ndhra
came to an end with his death.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><b>A Few Plaudits</b></span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Ē</span><span lang="EN-US"> yakhilammuna</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span><span lang="EN-US">du baram</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">svaru </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ulu nin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">iyun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">en<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ō</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">
yakhilammu vacci tanaya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span><span lang="EN-US">duna
nun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">en</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭh</span><span lang="EN-US">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">adasul<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ō</span> harikath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">ti bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rati
sarva</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ilpavi<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">dy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">yuti sansk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">it</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ndhramula y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">itiyai
pe</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">am</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US">rtulai
ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">in’<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- </span><span lang="EN-US">Kavi S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">, J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñā</span><span lang="EN-US">na p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">īṭh</span><span lang="EN-US">
awardee, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US"> Viswan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">tha
Satyan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span> </span></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Just
as the Almighty is Omniscient filled in this Universe, the very Universe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>came and resided in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s.
Taking the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>form of Harikatha and all
facets of knowledge, an embodiment of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sanskrit and Telugu, Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">rati
flourished in him.</span><span lang="EN-US"> It has become a habit to limit <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> only
to Harikatha by the researchers and admirers. He had the poetic caliber to be
placed by the side of ‘Kavitrayam’, Poetic Trinity – Nannayya, Tikkana and Ye</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛṛā</span><span lang="EN-US">praga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is a prodigiously talented V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gg</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ra to
be honoured along with the Musical Trinity- Ty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ja, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ma
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Śā</span><span lang="EN-US">stry
and Muthusw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">mi D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">itar.
He is an ardent devotee similar to Prahl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">da and N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">rada. He is free and independent like a
sage<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">su N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">unaku n</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ta</span><span lang="EN-US">nḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u, v</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">ni<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sulella</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">agala
Harid</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sulella<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Nokka
Harid</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sul</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">k</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">du,
nikkamitani<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Ye</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">ala n</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">d</span><span lang="EN-US">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US">til</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">niv</span><span lang="EN-US">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">eva</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u bu</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">ami<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 209.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 209pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Ce</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">api</span><span lang="EN-US">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a V</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">nka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a </span><span lang="EN-US">Śāś</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">try</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
nāda of his </span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Śaṃbhō’ would
reverberate for at least two or three minutes<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.
He once said that the nāda would be made to rise from the navel and would be scattered
all around.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">His
voice was thunderous, M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">gha
garjana, albeit, melodious and expressive of the appropriate emotion to
transport listeners into a realm of ecstasy. His megaphone bass voice, which
needed no microphone for an audience of several thousands, still rings in the
ears of those who witnessed his performance over a stretch of long years. He
had a force of personality which marked him out as an institution among his
people during his lifetime.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He
can be one among the great devotees- Prahl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">da, Nārada, Parāśara, Pun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">ar</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US">ka. He acquired
musical and poetic skills while in his mother’s womb. He was a perfect
testimony to Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">id</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US">a’s
saying, ‘Prap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">dir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē </span><span lang="EN-US">prāktana
janmavidyāh’ as Ce</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">api</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">a V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">nka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">astri
stated in the Āndhra Patrika of 29<sup>th</sup> January, 1945.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Sir
C.R.Reddy, Vice-chancellor of Āndhra University said to N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ās, when he met him in
Vizianagaram while travelling to Visākhapatnam, ‘What Vice-chancellors are we?
You are the University itself!’</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">He is the D</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa
(servant) of N</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ya</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a. The
Harid</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa-s of
all places are his d</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa-s.
It is not only Harid</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">sa-s,
truly who is there on the earth, who doesn’t revere him?</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">V</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lu meli
m</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US">saka</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u julp</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">la ju</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭu</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Nosa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
kunkumabo</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u, m</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">l pasi</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">i ga</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Viddelaku
pa</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u! na</span><span lang="EN-US">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">ay</span><span lang="EN-US">āḍ</span><span lang="EN-US">u v</span><span lang="EN-US">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">lpu ce</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Harikath</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">ś</span><span lang="EN-US">ilpa
samr</span><span lang="EN-US">āṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u! </span><span lang="EN-US">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u!!!<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>–‘Karu</span><span lang="EN-US">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">asr</span><span lang="EN-US">ī’</span><span lang="EN-US"> Jandhy</span><span lang="EN-US">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">la Papayya</span><span lang="EN-US">śā</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">stry<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">With
a curled moustache, curly hair, vermilion on the forehead, bright complexion,
he is an authority of all knowledge, a form of living God and an emperor of
Harikatha form. He is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u!</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">William
Shakespeare’s lines are aptly applicable to the versatile genius of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">la
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s
of Vizianagara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">-
an embodiment of all arts. ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black;">He is as
intelligent as beautiful, as learned as intelligent, as engaged as learned, as
famous as engaged’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He excelled every
artiste in his own field and yet remained apart - distinct and separate, like a
star.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>‘He was a man; take him for all in all, I
shall not look upon his<b> </b>like again.’</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Works Of Ajj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">la
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">s</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a Harikatha-s:</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 31.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"></p><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;"> Yathārtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">mu (1915)</span></span></span></span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">nakī Śapathamu</span><br /></span><div><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">rata Harikatha-s:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 31.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">vitr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
caritramu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1902) </span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">īṣma </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">caritramu
(1902)</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>gavata Harikatha-s:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sanskrit</span><span lang="EN-US">
Harikathām</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛtam (published in 1930)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US">rī K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛṣṇ</span><span lang="EN-US">a
Jananam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(by 1898)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">Pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṛbandha vimōcanam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">Dharmasa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US">sthāpanam</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Telugu</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṛva caritramu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1883-unpublished)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br /><span>Gajēndra mōkṣaṇamu
(1886)</span><br /><span>Ambarīṣa caritramu</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span>(1884)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br /><span>Rukmiṇi kalyāṇamu (by
1898)</span><br /><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prahlāda caritramu
(1898)</span><br /><span>Gōvardhanōdhāramu (an
impromptu presentation)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 38.25pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Purāṇa Harikatha-s:</b><b> </b> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hariścandrōpākhyānamu
(by 1898)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mārkanḍēya caritramu ( not of </span><span lang="EN-US">Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">gavata)
(1891)</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Acca Telugu</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;">Gaurappa peṅ</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;">li (</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1930)</span><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"><b>Translations</b></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">Navarasa Tara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">gi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">i</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">(1922):
It is a comparative treatise on the treatment of the nine sentiments of the
works of William Shakespeare and Ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">id</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">sa into
Telugu.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">Omar Khayyām Rubāiyat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">(1932):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a translation of Omar Khayyām into
Sanskrit and Acca Telugu.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">Vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṣṇu Sahasra N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">mamulu</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> – </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Vennuni Vēyi Pērla Vinakari</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">(1927):<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Telugu
padya-s</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">Lalitā </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Sahasra N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">mamulu
– Tallivinki</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">(1943-45) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">: </b>Telugu
padya-s</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">ruga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">nṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">i</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US">
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">The
hundred stories of Aesop’s Fables were written in prose. At the end of each
story its summary was given in a Gīta padya.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Ṛksaṅgrahamu (aka)</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Mrokkubaḍi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> (1929) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Three hundred Rigv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">dic hymns (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Ṛkkulu) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">were translated
into Telugu and set to music. It is said that the astrological chart details of
Nārāya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">a Dās
can be found in this writing.</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></span></li></ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Musical Treatise</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">avidharāga Navati Kusuma Ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">jari</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(1938): It is a G</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US">tam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">lika comprising
ninety Carn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">ic r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">ga-s.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Śatakamulu</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sanskrit<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āś</span><span lang="EN-US">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">atakamu
(1914)</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">R</span><span lang="EN-US">ā<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">macandra </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">atakamu
(1921)</span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Telugu</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Mṛtyuñjaya Śiva ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-indent: -18pt;">atakamu
(1908)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Mukunda
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">atakamu
(not available) (1908)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Satyavrati
(not available)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="background: white; color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">V</span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="background: white; color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">lpuvanda (in acca Telugu on Simh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="background: white; color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">cala
Narasimhasw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="background: white; color: black; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">mi)</span><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ryan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">atakamu
( published-1903)</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Philosophical Works</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">Jagajjy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">ti</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">(1939-1943)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is the substance of the A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ṣṭā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">a
Pur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">as.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">turvargya S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dhanamu</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(not
available)</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Dictionary</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-indent: -18pt;">Sīmapalkuvahi</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">(1939-43):<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>It is a dictionary of chaste Telugu
words. Only a part of it was published.</span><b style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"><b>Kāvyas</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">B</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">as</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ri</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(1888)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:</b> It is an allegorical poem based on V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US">d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US">nta.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-align: justify;">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-align: justify;">rakam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify;">(1910)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>It
is<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>written in Sanskrit in three
hundred verses with difficult grammatical ‘Pray</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify;">ga-s’ which can be used to exemplify P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify;">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify;">i’s
grammatical rules.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Miscellaneous Works</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">gadhara</span><span lang="EN-US"> (Play-1890)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Da</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṃ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">bhapura Prahasanamu</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(Play-1890)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">lubanti</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">u
Prabandhamu)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> Yeruka<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> (Autobiography</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Covers up to his
thirtieth year)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ki Mi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ku</span><span lang="EN-US"> (1939-43): An introduction to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">yurv<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: black;">ē</span>da</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">lpumā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span><span lang="EN-US"> (1929) - Based on Bhagavad Gīta</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Acca Telugu Palukuba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">i</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(1929):<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>It is<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>written in Ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US">jari
Dvipada.</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Vyāsa Pī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hamu</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Collection<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>of essays of the author</span><span> </span><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Unpublished / Unavailable Works</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Gōvarthanōdhāramu</span><br /><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Tarka Saṅgrahamu</span><br /><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Vyākaraṇa Saṅgrahamu</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">Bāla Rāmāyaṇa k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -18pt;">rtana</span><br /><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Mṛtyuñjaya Aṣtakamu</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;">(1908)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Sīmapalkuvahi
(second part)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">B</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">as</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ri (anglicized
text)</span><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">turvargya s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">dhanamu
(1930)</span><span> </span><br /></span><p></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">....................................................................</span></strong></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><u>End Notes</u></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">1
“Śrīmad Rāmāyana Harikathā Gāna Yagnam”, p. v.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">2
It was organized between May 17 & 25, 2009 in Viśākhapaṭnam.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">3
Maruvāḍa, Vēnkaṭa cayanulu, Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa caritramu, p.
23.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">4
Śambhara, Sūryanārāyaṇa śastri, “Śrīmadajjāḍa Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsugarini
gurinci” in Harikathāpitāmaha Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa
śatajayantyutsava sancika, pp. 47-51.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">5
Ādibhaṭla, Nārāyaṇa Dāsu, Nā Yeruka, Śrī Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsu svīya caritra,
p. 26.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">6
Karrā, Eswara Rao, “Jivitōdantamu” in Śrī Ādibhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Dāsa Sārasvata
Nīrājanamu, p. 15.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">7
M. Gowri Shankar, “A. Nārāyaṇa Dās - A sketch” in Harikathā Pitāmaha
Śrīmadajjāḍa Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās Śatajayantyutsva Sancika, pp. 13-15 English
section).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">8
G.Śrīrāmamūrthy, “Monārch of Rhythm”, pp. 96.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">9
Vāsā, Kriṣhṇa Mūrthi, “Dāsugāri Saṅgītagurutvamu” in Śrī Ādibhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Dāsa Sārasvata Nīrājanamu, pp. 1151-66.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">10
Bandā, kanakaliṅgēswara Rao, “Kathāgānavācaspati” in Harikathāpitāmaha
Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa śatajayantyutsava sancika, pp. 18- 20.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">11
Cellapalli, Vēṅkaṭa Śāstry, “kī || śē || Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsugaru” 13.1.1935
Āndhra Vāṇi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">12<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Violin –
Dwāraṃ Vēṅkaṭaswāmy Nāiḍu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">2.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Mṛdaṅgaṃ
– Liṅgam Lakṣmāji<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">3.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Vīṇa –
Vāsa Vēṅkata Rao, Kaṭṭu Sūranna<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">4.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Nādaswaraṃ
– Munuswāmy<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">5.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Vocal –
Pēri Rāmamūrti, Nēmāni Varahālu Dāsu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">6.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Ḍōlu –
Naṭēśam Pillai<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">7.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529;">Harikatha
- Nārāyaṇa Dās, Principal<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">13
Nēti Laksmī Nārāyaṇa, “Mā Gurudēvulu” , Harikathā Pitāmaha Śrīmadajjāḍa
Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa Śatajayantyutsva Sancika, pp.7-11.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">14
H.S.Brahmānanda, Harikathā Pitāmahuḍu Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsugāri Bahumukha
Pratibha, p.59.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">15
M. Gowri Shankar, “A. Nārāyaṇa Dās-A sketch” , Harikathā Pitāmaha Śrīmadajjāḍa
Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa Śatajayantyutsva Sancika, pp. 13-15<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">16
Pappu, Vēṇugōpāla Rao, “Śrī Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās and his works” in Carnāṭic
Music Composers, pp. 376-385.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">17
Upādhyāyula, ‘Ādibhaṭla: Doyen of Harikatha’, Indian Express, Tuesday, November
2, 1982.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">18
H. S.Brahmānanda, Harikathā Pitāmahuḍu Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsugāri Bahumukha
Pratibha, p.8.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">19
Karra, Sūryanārāyaṇa, ‘‘Śrī Nārāyaṇa Dāsu gāri jīvita viśēṣālu’’,
Harikathāpitāmaha Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa śatajayantyutsava sancika,
pp. 234 – 242.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">20 </span></span></span><span style="color: #212529; text-align: left;">‘Karuṇasrī’, “Nārāyaṇa
Dāsa Navaratnamālika”, Harikathāpitāmaha Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsa Śatajayantyutsava
Sancika, Pp. 185-188</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #212529; font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">....................................................................</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Bibliography</span></b><span> </span></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US">dibha<span style="color: black;">ṭṭ</span>a, N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>su, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">N<span style="color: black;">ā </span>Yeruka</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</i> S. V. J<span style="color: black;">ō</span>ga
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B. Day<span style="color: black;">ā</span>na<span style="color: black;">n</span>da Rao, (Ed.), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Carn<span style="color: black;">āṭ</span>ic Music Composers</i></b>, Chennai: The Trinity
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">B<span style="color: black;">ā</span>l<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ntrapu, Rajan<span style="color: black;">ī</span>k<span style="color: black;">ā</span>nta Rao, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Ā</span>ndhra Vagg<span style="color: black;">ē</span>yak<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ra Charitramu</i></b>, (parts I&II) Hyderabad:
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">C<span style="color: black;">ā</span>gan<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>i, Kap<span style="color: black;">ā</span>l<span style="color: black;">ē</span>svara Rao, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Harikatha</i></b>,
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Gan<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>i, <span style="color: black;">Ś</span>r<span style="color: black;">ī </span>R<span style="color: black;">ā</span>mam<span style="color: black;">ū</span>rthy, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Monarch of Rhythm’</i></b>, Machil<span style="color: black;">ī</span>pa<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>nam: Jupiter
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Gun<span style="color: black;">ḍ</span>avarapu, Lakshm<span style="color: black;">ī</span>n<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a Dar<span style="color: black;">ś</span>anamu</i></b>, Gun<span style="color: black;">ṭū</span>r:
Padmini Printers, 1983.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">H.S.
Brahm<span style="color: black;">ā</span>na<span style="color: black;">n</span>da, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Harikathā<span style="color: black;"> </span>Pit<span style="color: black;">ā</span>mahu<span style="color: black;">ḍ</span>u <span style="color: black;">Ā</span>dibha<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>la N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>sug<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ri Bahumukha
Pratibha</i></b>, Hyderabad: Department of Culture, Government of <span style="color: black;">Ā</span>ndhra Prad<span style="color: black;">ē</span>sh,
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">H.S.
Brahm<span style="color: black;">ā</span>na<span style="color: black;">n</span>da, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Harikathātatvam</span></i><span style="color: black;">, </span></b><span style="color: black;">Anantapur: Ś</span>r<span style="color: black;">ī
Krishnadēvarāya Viśvavidyālayam, </span>2015.</span><i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Maruv<span style="color: black;">āḍ</span>a, V<span style="color: black;">ē</span>nka<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>acayanulu, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīmadajjāḍādibhaṭla N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>sa Caritra<span style="color: black;">mu</span>, </i></b>R<span style="color: black;">ā</span>jahmun<span style="color: black;">ḍ</span>ry: kon<span style="color: black;">ḍ</span>apalli <em><span style="color: black;">V</span></em><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">ī<em>ravenkaiah & Sons, </em></span></i>1959.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Premeela
Gurumurthy, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kath<span style="color: black;">ā</span>k<span style="color: black;">ā</span>laksh<span style="color: black;">ē</span>pa-A Study,</i> </b><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Chennai: International Society for the
Investigation of Ancient Civilization, 1994</span>.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">S. V. J<span style="color: black;">ō</span>g<span style="color: black;">ā</span> Rao (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ed.</i>), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Ś</span>r<span style="color: black;">ī Ā</span>dibha<span style="color: black;">ṭṭ</span>a N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>aD<span style="color: black;">ā</span>sa </i></b><b><em>S</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">ā</span></i></span></b><em><b>rasvata</b> <b>N</b></em><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">ī</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>janamu</i></b><em>, </em>Gun<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>ur: Racayitala Sahak<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ra
Sanghamu, 1974.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">S. V. J<span style="color: black;">ō</span>g<span style="color: black;">ā</span> Rao, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Ā</span>ndhra Yakshag<span style="color: black;">ā</span>na V<span style="color: black;">āṅg</span>maya Caritra</i></b>, Vi<span style="color: black;">śā</span>khapa<span style="color: black;">ṭ</span>nam: <span style="color: black;">Ā</span>ndhr<span style="color: black;">ā </span>University, 1961.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Ś<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r</span>ī
</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>sa Jayanti, a</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US">
compilation of essays on N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>aD<span style="color: black;">ā</span>s and his works, Gun<span style="color: black;">ṭū</span>r,
1982.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">ū<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">m</span>āṭ<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">i D</span>ō<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">nappa, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Telugu Harikath</i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sarvasvam</span></i></b><i><span style="background: white;">, </span></i><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Gun</span>ṭū<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r: N</span>ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">g</span>ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">rjuna </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Vi<span style="color: black;">ś</span>vavidy<span style="color: black;">ā</span>layamu<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">,</span><span style="color: black;"> (1<sup>st</sup> print) 1978.</span></span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Vasantharao,
Brahm<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ji Rao, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Life of <span style="color: black;">Ś</span>r<span style="color: black;">ī Ā</span>dibha<span style="color: black;">ṭl</span>a N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>s</i></b>,
Vizianagaram: 1956 N. K. Publications, (second edition), 2014.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Vyzarsu,
B<span style="color: black;">ā</span>lasubrahma<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>yam,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Musical Genius of ‘Harikath<span style="color: black;">ā </span>Pit<span style="color: black;">ā</span>maha’ <span style="color: black;">Ś</span>r<span style="color: black;">ī Ā</span>dibha<span style="color: black;">ṭl</span>a N<span style="color: black;">ā</span>r<span style="color: black;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: black;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="color: black;">ā</span>su</i></b>,
Chennai: Ka<span style="color: black;">ḷā</span>tapasvi Creations, 2012.</span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Y<span style="color: black;">ā</span>mij<span style="color: black;">ā</span>la, Padman<span style="color: black;">ā</span>bhasw<span style="color: black;">ā</span>my, <b><em>Pur</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">ṇ</span></i></span><em>apurushu</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">ḍ</span></i></span></b><em><b>u</b>,
</em>Gun<span style="color: black;">ṭū</span>r: Johnson Publishing House, 1979.</span></p></div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-76340164766944947602023-09-15T23:19:00.011+05:302023-09-16T07:12:56.602+05:30Ākāśavāṇi Commemorates Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās' 159th Jayanti With Saṅgīta Rūpakaṃ<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibaVv5hepfyHZyPmHqjmDFp5nt0cdBeuKsVpQKaiT0vBcraPH3rJaRFbQSHnhdbk1o91n_XlhzCv5iFhGu1s1hZFthr3i2y2A1P4mTbkpvs_JJsAoxY5y52qlh88MStaUhY2GIITKptdmgwdkOjpFmduchrhVfcq8LK4mLqp1T2XXmyG83ke3wn3jIOp5d/s818/Author's%20photo.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="582" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibaVv5hepfyHZyPmHqjmDFp5nt0cdBeuKsVpQKaiT0vBcraPH3rJaRFbQSHnhdbk1o91n_XlhzCv5iFhGu1s1hZFthr3i2y2A1P4mTbkpvs_JJsAoxY5y52qlh88MStaUhY2GIITKptdmgwdkOjpFmduchrhVfcq8LK4mLqp1T2XXmyG83ke3wn3jIOp5d/w68-h95/Author's%20photo.jpeg" width="68" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Ākāśavāṇi, Andhra Pradesh commemorated the 159th Jayanti of Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās with a specially written and composed one-hour Saṅgīta Rūpakaṃ on September 10, 2023 between 08.30 and 09.30 A. M. The broadcast included biographical anecdotes, clippings from his Harikathas by his disciples, reminiscences and fond remembrances. Please listen to this audio file.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='324' height='271' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dw4BtbeYPi5ajhufF94TsWYj2I0YtVplyntulnUDI7ORb1FLdYhM3a8GuZSUXmZ2SyRHfG8u5jhx9sMPLAhdA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><br /><p></p>voxindicahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10705865947567961052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-66893177001749961732023-09-14T10:08:00.005+05:302023-09-28T13:40:20.627+05:30Literature, Music and Dance – The Integral Aspects of Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās’ Harikatha ‘Śrī Yathārtha Rāmāyaṇamu’<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dr. K. Savithri Devi<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #3333ff; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">[This research paper was published in the peer reviewed journal "NADAMRUTHAM—The
Journal of Music", Volume 12, 2021- 2022 published by the Department of Music, University
of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram.]</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjE-y8KHiooHCtCTU4OdSfWX5cXjoaUfdeKgmiAeSHfvsOCLHaNHRbmoJD98STBUsIh3DLgDe3xQhCI_MuI85jcEf3BUa2H50T6awRTjqvxYg-db4c6BLXsYYYnbAAU9cz5wXgMRclM47d1AP8X8Wn8diRnVCv19WPBo8oxPTtr1bOLOSunc8KmtRrN1I/s1443/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-09-28%20at%2013.19.41_4eb940e5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1443" data-original-width="950" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjE-y8KHiooHCtCTU4OdSfWX5cXjoaUfdeKgmiAeSHfvsOCLHaNHRbmoJD98STBUsIh3DLgDe3xQhCI_MuI85jcEf3BUa2H50T6awRTjqvxYg-db4c6BLXsYYYnbAAU9cz5wXgMRclM47d1AP8X8Wn8diRnVCv19WPBo8oxPTtr1bOLOSunc8KmtRrN1I/s320/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-09-28%20at%2013.19.41_4eb940e5.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>‘<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Harikath<u>ā</u> Pit<u>ā</u>maha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">’ </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ajjāḍa Ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">la N</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">served <i>Harikatha </i>for six decades (1883-1945)
and transported his audience into his world of <i>Harikatha </i>by his multi-faceted personality. </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
Yathārtha R</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">,
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">comprising
six harikatha-s, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">is
the longest of all harikatha-s of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s. It
is an original work, a treasure house of literary, creative and musical
excellence. It brought together the <b>r</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <b>t</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">and <b>n</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> forms in music
and literature and lent scope to the limitless forms of prosody. N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> an expert of classical
dance form, adopted the features of classical dance in his harikatha-s and made
use of Daruvu-s and jati-s at the end of his kṛti-s and would perform pure
nāṭya singing them. Śr</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu is
the most renowned of all his yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na-s
portraying all the rasa-s effectively. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Tempos in different rhythm cycles create
different rasa-s. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Adept in laya, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s’
composed k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti-s in
all t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s and
j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti-s.
Besides composing in prominent r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āga-s, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> composed in Bēhāg,
Yamunā Kaḷyāṇi, Husēni, Dēśi and other Dēśi rāga-s also. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">The use
of rare t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s is
outstanding in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śr</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu<i> </i>which<i> </i>is a testimony of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s’
literary excellence, musical brilliance and splendour of dance.</span></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">****************************</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Key Words</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Harikatha,
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">gēya prabandha, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rāga,
rasa, daruvu, jati, laya, t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">**********</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta S</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">hitya S</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rvabhauma’,
‘Laya Brahma’, ‘Pa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">camukh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Param</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">svara’,
‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a P</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ala M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ēṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">i’,
‘Sahaja P</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">itya
Vil</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa’, ‘P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a Puru</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">u’, ‘Pu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṁ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">bh</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">va
Sarasvati and ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Harikath<u>ā</u>
Pit<u>ā</u>maha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">’</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Ajjāḍa Ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">la N</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(31.8.1864 –
2.1.1945)<b> </b>did invaluable service to
the world of Telugu literature and arts by the creation of the novel art form
Harikatha. He served <i>Harikatha </i>for
six decades (1883-1945) transporting his audience into his world of Harikatha
by his awe- inspiring versatility. The connoisseurs of arts of his time
conferred on him the title of ‘Harikath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Pit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">maha’. T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">i D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ōṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">appa in his ‘<i>Telugu
Harikath</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> V</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṅg</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">maya
Caritra’</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
spotlights the illustrious period of six decades in which N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s’
harikatha-s reigned supreme as <u>N</u></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa yuga</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> in
Telugu Harikath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṅg</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">maya
caritra, the years before 1883 as <u>Pr</u></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṅ </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(pre) <u>N</u></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa yuga</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> and
the years after 1945 as <u>Anantara</u> (post) <u>N</u></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa yuga</span></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. The
artiste carved a niche for himself and became synonymous with the art form he
created, Harikatha.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> authored twenty-one
harikatha-s, which he termed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na-s,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> including three in Sanskrit. Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
Yathārtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu is the longest of all
harikatha-s of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s. The
best aspects of the various stories of R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ma were considered and the story ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu’ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">was
embellished with all the sentiments. It brought together the <b>r</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <b>t</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">and <b>n</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> forms in music
and literature and lent scope to the limitless forms of prosody. The great work
of art delighted all and sundry and has established itself as the means of
achieving material and spiritual progress.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s
imbibed the knowledge of literature, music and dance naturally and was a
self-taught genius. He was an ardent devotee just as poets like P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tana
and received honours of Mahar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ja-s
in the manner of poets like </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tha. He
was a great V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">gg</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ra like
Ty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">gar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ja, an
independent litterateur like the poet R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">makri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na and had thorough knowledge of eight
languages like N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a Bha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">u. He loved to be original in creativity and
detested imitation.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s
composed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
Yathārtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> after
the death of his wife, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Narasamma.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Her death and this Harikatha composition
took place in 1915. He dedicated his work to his wife who admired R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu very much. He </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">studied
various R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s,
combined the two R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s (V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ālmīki </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dhy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tma R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a of Vy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa)
derived some elements of both, discarded a few aspects, added a few of those
which he thought might be the truth befitting the characters and authored </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">in
1915) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">as a gēya prabandha.
This is his original literary and musical treasure. He followed the story-line
of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ālmīki and Tulasi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s and
the depiction of Soul of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dhy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tma R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Division
Of Segments:</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></p><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwNI2DCH4iGk5WS9edsE_x4slEkXcV7nGmyESkG7SGJj8__O3aqkH8W5Z9WUKZKM-LeOoGLtcyhweuQXWU_KdzCJQov-N4dWnPan04P-s8WOsYQ342Hma6IOi5_-2_ekzA1KQauxkATcRk7WAXnf5fvOz8FakEKTulBIdyP-rEX3ID4E9ggfr1nvQgccU/s320/Yathartha%20Ramayanamu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="224" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwNI2DCH4iGk5WS9edsE_x4slEkXcV7nGmyESkG7SGJj8__O3aqkH8W5Z9WUKZKM-LeOoGLtcyhweuQXWU_KdzCJQov-N4dWnPan04P-s8WOsYQ342Hma6IOi5_-2_ekzA1KQauxkATcRk7WAXnf5fvOz8FakEKTulBIdyP-rEX3ID4E9ggfr1nvQgccU/s1600/Yathartha%20Ramayanamu.jpg" width="224" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">The
story of V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ālmīki’s Bālakānḍa was
incorporated in ‘Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">majanana</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu’ and ‘Sītā
kalyānamu’. He named Ayōdhya kānḍa as ‘Padukāpaṭṭabhiṣēkamu’. ‘Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ma Sugr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">va
Maitri’ was spread through Ara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">kānḍa and Kiṣkinda
kānḍa. ‘Hanumat Sandēśamu’ was the story of Kiṣkinda and Sundara kānḍa-s. The
whole of Yudha kānḍa was changed as ‘Sāmrājyasiddhi’. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">At the end of each
part there is an ‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sv</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">anta
gadya’ in which he mentions himself as ‘Sahaja p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ānḍ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">itya vil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a Brahma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">madajj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḍā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa’.</span></div></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">The change was made with
the view of bringing the story together to suit the Harikatha art form and the
story was adapted to relate to the main characters of the epic. Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu is
not meant to be performed in a single day. It was divided into six parts for
six days’ performance. Those six parts can also be performed as six
Harikatha-s. A capable and skilled performer of Harikatha can perform </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu for
thirty days, justifying the musical and literary skills of the composer.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu of
N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s is an
original work, a treasure house of literary, creative and musical excellence.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> an expert of classical
dance form, adopted the features of classical dance in his harikatha-s and made
use of daruvu-s and jati-s at the end of his kṛti-s and would perform pure
nāṭya singing them. He would show mudra-s to explain the meaning of a particular
word or sometimes to express the meaning and sometimes to add significance to
the abhinaya. After presenting every kṛti with proper abhinaya and dance steps,
he would present pure nṛtya on svara prastāra-s. The beauty of presentation of
classical dance always depends on the trio of music, literature and laya. Harikatha-s of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> follow these norms
which make them very much suitable for a dance performance.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a
D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">’ narration of the story
would be very interesting and captivating. Every bit of it was musical. The
anecdotes and humorous stories in between the main storyline were narrated by
him equally interestingly.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">For example: In a story
where a tiger tries to get hold of an animal which it sees at a distance, the
tiger makes several moves before it achieves its target. Enacting the various
facial expressions and movements of the tiger, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> would render it through
a rāga sancāra, befitting the mood of the story. By the time he concluded the effective rāga
sancāra, the tiger would catch the animal. He would express such incidents
through svara sancāra-s in hundreds or thousands of varieties</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>ga <span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">And</span> Rasa In </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Śrī</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> Y<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>th<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>rtha R<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>m<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>ya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">amu</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">la N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>s was all in one. He appeared
the greatest musician to musicians, the greatest litterateur to litterateurs
and the greatest dancer to dancers. All arts flourished and reached their peaks
in one person. Harikath<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">a</span>
art became the right platform for his multi-faceted personality. Though we
can’t now listen to his music and see his spectacular dance, we can perceive
his inimitable prowess only through his scholarly works which are only a few
rays of the vast light of his genius. For him music and literature were the two
facets of an art and deserved equal prominence. They are so closely related to
each other that he opined: “Music is scene and Literature vision, Music is
world and Literature Soul, Music is <i>Prak</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> and
Literature <i>Puruṣa</i>, Music is worldly
and Literature spiritual, Music is universe and Literature </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">swara,
Music is <i>Vikṛti</i> and Literature <i>Prakṛti,</i> Music is Life and Literature
Death, Music is <i>sagu</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> and
Literature <i>nirgu</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">.” </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> They cannot be separated. He observed ‘Poetry
is abstract, and Music is concrete. Poetry is theoretical and spiritual, and
Music is practical and material. Poetry is the cause and Music is the effect.
He believed in the theory of G<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>ndharva
V<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>da <b>–‘G</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> v<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>dya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ca n</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ca
traya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> sa</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">g</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tamucyat<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ē</span>’</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. He proved that
the combination of g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta, v<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>dya and n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya is
the characteristic of music. He adored and practiced such true music like </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">iva N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a
T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha.
For him the compound word, ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pany<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>sa’ had a specific meaning. ‘Sa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta’
meant g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta, v<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>dya and n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya;
and upany<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>sa meant
‘dramatic narration, combined with aesthetic experience’.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">He
reiterated that all arts are God-given and they are meaningful only when they
are offered to God. He made Harikatha a unique divine art, an astonishing union
of arts appealing to perception in totality. All the characters divine and
human, men and women, young and old, rich and poor came alive in him and his
narration completed the yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>na prabandha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. The
skilful coordination of dh<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>tu
and m<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>tu, the libretto and
the music portrayed the intended rasa or feeling. However, the tradition of
Harikatha with a proper blend of s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">hitya,
n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya, g</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta and
v</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dya had
had its heyday in the tenure of the incomparable versatile genius of Nārāya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a Dās.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">His
yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na-s
are of kīrtana-s in a variety of rāga-s that depict the nine rasa-s which are
perceived and felt. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śr</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu is
the most renowned of all his yak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ag</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">na-s
portraying all the rasa-s effectively. There are many kīrtana-s which can be
sung by all with devotion, taken out of the situation in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śr</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">many
kīrtana-s </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">have</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> all
the requisite elements for being sung in musical concerts.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">‘</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Yath</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rtha R</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mu’ </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">contains<b> </b>kīrtana-s, mañjari-s, vacana-s
composed in gait and devotion. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Besides composing in prominent r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āga-s like Kharahara
priya, Śubhapantuvarāḷi, Kāmbhōji, Kēdāragauḷa, Malayamārutamu, Kannaḍa,
Nīlāmbari, Śrīrāga, Śahana, Mōhana, Dēvagāndhāri, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> composed in Bēhāg,
Yamunā Kaḷyāṇi, Husēni, Dēśi and other Dēśi rāga-s also.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R<span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">are T</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">āḷ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a-s Used</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Adept
in laya, N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s’
composed k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti-s in
all t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s and
j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti-s.
The use of rare t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s is
outstanding in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śr</span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Yath</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ha R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Tempos in different
rhythm cycles create different rasa-s. The right tempo has to be chosen to
convey the desired emotion. For example : The kṛtis sung by </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Bh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rgava,
Vir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dha
turned Tumbura, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">arabha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga, Sut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a,
Hanuma were set in t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḷa-s </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Saṅkīrṇajāti Rūpakamu, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Sank</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a j</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti
Tripu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a,
Catura</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">raj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḷa, Mi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">raj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti
Tripu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḷa,<b> </b>Tryasraj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">aj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti Dh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">va t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḷa.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śr</span></i><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yath</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ha R</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">y</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṇ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">amu</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">,
comprising six harikatha-s, is a testimony of N</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s’
literary excellence, musical brilliance and splendour of dance. Apt rasa-s that
suit different situations were depicted through appropriate r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga-s
and t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a-s.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> The essence of the art is aesthetic
delight. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bibliography</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">S. V. Jōgā Rao (<i>Ed.</i>), <b><i>Śrī Ādibhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Dāsa <em>S</em>ā<em>rasvata N</em>īrājanamu</i></b><em>, </em>Gunṭur: Racayitala Sahakāra
Sanghamu, 1974.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">m</span>āṭ<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">iD</span>ō<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">nappa, <b><i>Telugu Harikath</i></b></span><b><i>ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sarvasvam</span></i></b><i><span style="background: white;">, </span></i><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Gun</span>ṭū<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r: N</span>ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">g</span>ā<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">rjuna </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Viśvavidyālayamu<span style="background: white;">,</span> (1<sup>st</sup> print) 1978.<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Vyzarsu,
Bālasubrahmaṇyam,
<b><i>The
Musical Genius of ‘Harikathā Pitāmaha’ Śrī Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dāsu</i></b>,
Chennai: Kaḷātapasvi Creations, 2012.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Komānḍūri Śēṣhādri, <b><i>Nārāyaṇa Dāsa vāggēya śilpamu, </i></b>Rasamayi (cultural monthly
magazine), January, 2007<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, Kri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rthi, <b><i>“D</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sug</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ri Sang</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tagurutvamu”</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> in </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭṭ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa <em>S</em></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><em><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-US">rasvata </span></em><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">janamu</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, pp. 1151-66.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">.................................................................................</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Notations For Two Keertanas</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga:<b> Vasanta R</b></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> nava nava </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">T</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a: <b>Catura</b></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ś</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">raj</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ti a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭa</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lyric</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pallavi</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> nava nava m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">gha </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">śyāmā </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| Raghukul</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">bdhi s</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ma || </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Anupallavi</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Bh</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mij</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">nas</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">bhi</span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a saṃ </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pūrṇa sarva kāma </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">|| </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Cara</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">mu</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Satya j</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ñā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">nanda svar</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pa | </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Sajjana
ḥṛddīpa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">||</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Stutyaguṇa kalāpa
drutaharacāpa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| sura vinuta
prat</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">||<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 289.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 289.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Śrī Rāma Sugrīva maitri, <b>p.14.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pallavi<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <u>s
M g M</u>
, <u>d N
m D</u> |
, </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ n
<u>ṡ n ġ ṙ</u> <u>ṙ
ṡ Ṡ</u> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . na va
na va m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> gha
</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">śyā . .
. mā . .<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <u>n Ṡ
n D</u> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | m
d </span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ
n d m</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">|| <u>g r</u></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ra ghu
ku l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . bdhi
s</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
. ma .
. R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Anupallavi</span></b><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <u>d
N </u></span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ
Ṡ</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> , <u>ṡ </u></span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṁ </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ġ </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṁ</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṁ
ġ ṙ ṙ <u>ṡ n ġ ṙ</u>
<u>ṙ ṡ Ṡ</u>
|</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Bh</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
mi j</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
na s</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . bhi
Ra . ma . . . sa</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . .<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ n
ġ ṙ</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <u>ṡ
n D</u> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| </span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ
n d m</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <u>g
m g r</u>
</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">|| <u>g r</u> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">p</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . . .
r</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a . . sa
. . rva
k</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
. ma .
.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Cara</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">mu</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, </span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ N , D</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
D D </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| m n
d m <u>m
g d m</u>
<u>g r S</u>
</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">|</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Sa . tya
j</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ñā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> nan . </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">da
sva r</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
. . .
pa . .<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <u>s
M g M</u>
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">|
d m <u>d
n </u></span></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ n</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> || <u>D</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sa .
jja na ḥṛ .
ddī . .
. pa<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">As </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Anupallavi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Stutyaguṇa kalāpa
drutaharacāpa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| sura vinuta
prat</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">||</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">2. </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga –<b> B</b></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ga</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a R</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">maca</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dra S</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">man</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">hara </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">T</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḷ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a –<b> </b></span><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">di</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lyric</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pallavi</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">maca</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dra S</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">t</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">man</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">har</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> |
Raghukula jaladhi</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ś</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">śī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Param</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tm</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ||</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Anupallavi</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> mahima deliyane</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ta v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">an</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> |
n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">mudrikad</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">lpa n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tara</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">b</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ||<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Cara</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">mu
1</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">vu d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">vu</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ani n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">nerigitin</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | nirh</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tuka k</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pa n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">su</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">anu ||</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">K</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">vala dharma svar</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pa ninnu</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> |
g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rti</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pani v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ri janmam</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">la ||<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Cara</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">mu
2 </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">M</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">y</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">nu</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a vigrah</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> |
madi </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">śō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dhi</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">nc</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">edav</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ||
y</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">||</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tin</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tig</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> j</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sina n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> pada | rajameppu</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">u d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">lceda n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ś</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">iramuna ||<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 150.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 150pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
- Śrī Rāma
Pādukāpaṭṭābhiṣēkamu<b>, p. 118.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pallavi <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">; , G m
P ; P
; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
| </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṙ ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> n
D | P ,
m d p m
g ||</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ma
ca</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> dra S</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> t</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ma
. n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
. ha . r</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . . .<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m r
g M d
P p p
m g R
s </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | S ;
; </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">| </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> n d P ,
m g || <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. . Ra
ghu ku la ja
. la .
dhi </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ś</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a . </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">śī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . . pa ra . m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . tm</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">m r<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Anupallavi</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">; n </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṁ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṗ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṙ </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ; ||</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
ma hi ma
de li ya
ne</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
ta v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">; d </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṙ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṙ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> N
N D P
| P p
d N D
| P, m
d p m
g ||<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
mu . dri
ka d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . lpa
n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
. ta ra</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . b</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . . .<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">m r<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Cara</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">a</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">mu</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">; , G m
P ; P
D P | ;
p d N
D | P
p m d
p m g ||<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
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</span></v:shadow></v:shape><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> vu
d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
vu </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a ni n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . .
ne ri gi
. ti . n</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .</span></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m r
g M d
P g m <u>dpP</u>
g r S
| ; </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> S <u>G
; , r</u> G
M P ; ||<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">. . ni
. rh</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
tu . ka.. k</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṛ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
pa N</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . . su </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ḍ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a nu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">; m
P d P </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ; </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> N | </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> | </span></b><b><u><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṁṗ</span></u></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ġ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṙ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> , </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṡ </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ||<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">K</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
va la dha
rma sva r</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> pa
ni . .
. nnu</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṃ</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> . .<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">; d </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ṙ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṡ</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> R N
N D ; |
P p d
N D | P
, m
d p m
g || <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
rti</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
pa ni v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> ri
ja . .
nma m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ē</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> .
la . .
. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">m r<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">āṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">i D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ōṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">appa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, <i>“Telugu Harikathā Vāṅgmaya Caritra’’</i>, Ākāśa Bhārati, pp.27-36.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> V</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, Kri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṣṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ū</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">rthi, <b><i>“D</i></b></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sug</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ri Sang</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">tagurutvamu”</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> in </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ś</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭṭ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ya</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a D</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sa <em>S</em></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><em><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-US">rasvata </span></em><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ī</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">r</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">janamu</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, pp. 1151-66.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">dibha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṭl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a, Nārāya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">a Dās, <i>Jagajjy</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ō</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">ti</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> - II volume, p. 370.</span> </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/GS%20Kerala%20University%20Journal.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""></a></p></div></div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-46225007750166000142023-08-30T00:02:00.098+05:302023-11-09T08:38:56.299+05:30Rubâiyât of Omar Khaiyâm<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; text-align: right;">“It is not my habit to have my works corrected and
recast by others!”</span><span lang="EN" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: right; text-indent: -18pt;">—</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-align: right; text-indent: -18pt;">Ādibhaṭla N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>yaṇa D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>s</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; text-align: center;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="481" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6xGRXm0qKbgsGpogB53VyDIa0qqhEgpnxP4Hk4MvdvtT-VYlUEr2fWgWqn05QvJp9DnhAWcapAeKVDuMz7T4UZm-9pDxBuDDI1vXAgEmKdWCfoVx81tZV63Q-g5TEph-eke1MOptf8rs2cH19sfrv0KbELjQ2MroiUacza2391Pq-e8QgP9Ib1xpBnTs/w143-h200/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Author%20Photo%201.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="The Author" width="143" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adibhatla Narayana Das</td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Ādibhaṭla N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>yaṇa
D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>s learnt Persian when
he was about thirty years old. When he was about sixty, he chanced upon a copy
of Edward Fitzgerald’s translations of the <i>Rubâiyât of Omar Khaiyâm</i>. As he
glanced through it, he felt that Fitzgerald’s translations did not do justice
to the eleventh century Persian poet-philosopher’s original verses. Understanding
Persian was one thing; but to be able to translate it into Saṃskṛtaṃ and Telugu
required a far greater linguistic proficiency. He therefore set about to polish
and master the language at the ripe old age of sixty and translated the work c1930.
Maharāṇi Lalit</span><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #2b00fe; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> Kumari Dēvi of Vijayanagaram was so impressed with it that she
felt it should be presented to the literary public. She sent the manuscript to Sarvēpalli
Rādhākṛṣṇan who was then Vice Chancellor of Andhra university with a request to
write a foreword to it. The book was published in 1932. In a rare honour, <i>The
Hyderabad Bulletin</i>, a British owned newspaper reviewed the book in an
editorial entitled <i>A Monument of Scholarship</i>. </span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">The </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Sahitya
Akademi</i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> published a second edition of the book in its ‘Rare Books’ series
in 2012. The </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Sanskrit Academy</i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">, Hyderabad, affiliated to the Central
Sanskrit University brought out a special edition of the Sanskrit portion of
the book in August 2023.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The reason
that attracted N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s to Omar Khaiyâm could
perhaps be a shared worldview towards life and religion. Both of them
were Sun-worshippers and polymaths. In his English introduction to
the <i>Rubâiyât of Omar Khaiyâm</i>, N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a Dās says “Omar Khaiyâm commences his verses with the word “Khurshīd”,
which means the Sun; because I presume, he was a sun worshipper…”</span> </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Omar
Khaiyâm’s interests extended from poetry, music, philosophy and theology to
mathematics, astronomy, geography, mineralogy and meteorology. N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’ interests extended
from poetry, music and musicology, literature and linguistics, dance and
acting, philosophy, theology and Vēdik studies (a conglomeration of
various branches of theology, philosophy, arts and sciences) to astrology and
medicine (Āyurvēda).</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Neither of
them was properly understood by his contemporaries during his life time. Omar
Khaiyâm was seen either as an atheist and hedonist or at the other extreme, as
a mystical Sufi poet. In the case of N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s although his
proclivity to the Bhakti tradition was never in doubt, his philosophy
of humanism might not have been fully understood. While N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s devoted his life to
the teaching of ‘Bhakti, J<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ñ</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">na, Mōkṣa’,<i> </i>he
condemned with vehemence some prevailing practices of his time, such as animal
sacrifice as unacceptable, as he felt they were at variance with
the spirit of Vēdik philosophy.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"></span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi51olAbABFyfReqgBUTWhd3VFJhieTf2LpzQ7qUeA7DMI5grTKbLhIC07KNrXBUj3qUwwvxVOy_dWsidAcWoSuWEQ88WIczEQld1l_CSE0RORneR2Du7iO59i19ZdTvx818xRXu8GOjNXL4u-HJXkzIAoVRQWXiWZ3F2HQJNR100MaUbYPJLg1amQWN84/s909/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Title%20Page%201.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="909" data-original-width="777" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi51olAbABFyfReqgBUTWhd3VFJhieTf2LpzQ7qUeA7DMI5grTKbLhIC07KNrXBUj3qUwwvxVOy_dWsidAcWoSuWEQ88WIczEQld1l_CSE0RORneR2Du7iO59i19ZdTvx818xRXu8GOjNXL4u-HJXkzIAoVRQWXiWZ3F2HQJNR100MaUbYPJLg1amQWN84/w171-h200/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Title%20Page%201.jpeg" width="171" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Title Page</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s used to absorb
knowledge from his environs just as a sponge absorbed water, and improve upon
it. After coming into contact with the Hindustāni musician, Mohabbat
Kh</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">n at Vijayanagaraṃ, he
cultivated the Hindust<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ā</span>ni genre
of music to develop a Karṇātik-Hindust<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ā</span>ni hybrid timbre. Similarly, when he was thirty-seven, he
came into contact with a Maulvi, he utilized the opportunity to pick up
rudiments of Arabic and Persian from him, obtained books on
their teaching and began developing his knowledge of the two languages. His
interest in Persian grew when he observed that ‘Old Persian’<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> has
some resemblance to Prākṛtaṃ, considered to be the colloquial form of
literary Saṃskṛtaṃ. This could well be the case
because ‘Old Avestan’, the precursor of
the Iranian languages, was closer to what linguists call Indic Saṃskṛtaṃ,
whereas ‘Young Avestan’ was closer to Persian. In fact,
both ‘Old Persian’ and ‘Middle Persian’ were written
left to right like Prākṛtaṃ unlike their modern-day version, which
adapted the Perso-Arabic script, written right to left. In his Saṃskṛtaṃ
introduction to <i>Rubâiyât of Omar Khaiyâm</i> N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a Dās observed that although there were Yavana<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> terms,
much of the Rubâiyât,<i> </i>Omar Khaiyâm wrote was
in ‘Old Persian’,<i> </i>which in his view was closer to Prākṛtaṃ.</span> </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Over time,
N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s developed a great
admiration for the Persian philosopher-poet. When he read Edward
Fitzgerald’s English translation of the Persian quatrains, he felt
they were not true to the original. It is now known that not only Fitzgerald’s
translations were not literal but he also mingled the quatrains.
Fitzgerald’s translation has about three hundred verses. Of these N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s selected a hundred
and ten and their original<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Persian quatrains</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>and translated the original and their English translation
into Saṃskṛtaṃ and Acca-Telugu.</span><span> </span></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Translating
from one language to another could be a daunting task because it is not just
conveying the meaning of words. A language evolved over time embeds the culture
and traditions; beliefs and values; rituals and practices and history and
legends of a society in its usages and idioms. If the translator is not
proficient in either of the languages, he might miss the meaning altogether or
the translation might appear to be artificial like a patchwork quilt. Good
translation requires not only proficiency in both the languages but great
technical skill to express the idiom of one language in the corresponding idiom
of the other. As languages continue to evolve, meanings of words and usages
change over time or usages might lose their relevance. Therefore, translating
from an ancient language to another classical language requires great
scholarship if one were to convey the true intended meaning of the original
writer.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"></span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTcajn6jvpMbC_4yP6k3UM7YqmvygZhp0H1YBkUo021pYOPR_JMcliKR2ek_nA3Cmi0FzyBwodwlyHaJPLqVYmmyti3QrF-9AXwCxFEkHq1az4s_NUX6vQPfQu3CJfdx0typncOajjJQ4Z5MfSfSrKf0nanH6Z41xggHDVi34Nndg-fi9HoiS_titF-fA/s1066/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Prayer%201.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="818" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTcajn6jvpMbC_4yP6k3UM7YqmvygZhp0H1YBkUo021pYOPR_JMcliKR2ek_nA3Cmi0FzyBwodwlyHaJPLqVYmmyti3QrF-9AXwCxFEkHq1az4s_NUX6vQPfQu3CJfdx0typncOajjJQ4Z5MfSfSrKf0nanH6Z41xggHDVi34Nndg-fi9HoiS_titF-fA/w154-h200/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Prayer%201.jpeg" width="154" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Prayer In Four <br />Languages</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The book
opens with a prayer in four languages, Persian, English, Saṃskṛtaṃ and Telugu.
The poem was written in the Kaṅdaṃ metre, one of the toughest
prosodies in the Telugu language. Writing a poem in difficult prosody, with
each line in a different language is an expression of N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s’ penchant for accomplishing
the formidable.</span> </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">He introduced Omar
Khaiyâm, the poet and his poetry in three languages, English, Saṃskṛtaṃ and
Telugu. He used the introductions to express his deep admiration for Omar
Khaiyâm and his poetry. But the introductions were more than that. N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a Dās used them to express his own worldview about his field of
work; poetry and poets; literature and literary criticism and the contemporary
socio-political milieu. He begins the Saṃskṛtaṃ introduction by describing the
qualities a literary critic should possess.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.55pt; margin-right: 21.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span lang="EN-GB">Just
as the reasons are understood from a deed, so should a poet be judged by his
literary work. A critic should not blindly go by what others say of a poet but
must be capable of independent thinking and judging the merit of a work. He
should be erudite, having read and imbibed many k</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB">vy</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB">s and
must be proficient in languages like Saṃskṛtaṃ and Pr</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">kṛtaṃ.
A critic who is himself a poet or writer would be better equipped to judge the
work of others.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span>
</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">On can’t help wonder if he hadn’t read his own qualities (such as an
encyclopaedic knowledge of the Vēd<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span>s
and <span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ś</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB">tr<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span>s, an exquisite poet, musician,
dancer, actor et al.) into the qualities desirable in a critic and in his unstinted
praise for Omar Khaiyâm. His description of <span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Nišâpur</span> reflects the literary and cultural milieu of Vijayanagara<span style="color: #222222;">ṃ. He laments the</span> diminution of ethical and moral
standards and corruption of culture, following hundreds of years of alien rule.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 21.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">The people of this land which came to be
known as ‘karma bh<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ū</span>mi’ have lost
their independence. They have had to abandon their traditional education and discipline.
Having somehow acquired a degree in an alien language they were able to occupy
positions of power. Those who do not have a modicum of knowledge of Saṃskṛtaṃ
and are incapable of writing anything in Saṃskṛtaṃ or Prākṛtaṃ have come to be
celebrated as litterateurs. Thanks to the ambience created by the unenlightened
officials and uneducated rich, a wicked person has come to be seen as virtuous
and a mountebank is seen as noble.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The
introductory essay is rich in the philosophy of San</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tana Dharma and explains the
nature of human existence and its relationship with godhead. It expostulates on
the need for virtuous living.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.55pt; margin-right: 21.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">The (human)
creature is devoid of self-knowledge. Man has no role in determining (his own)
weal or woe. It is <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Īś</span>wara who
decides whether he would end up in heaven or hell. A man attains advaita jñānaṃ
only by of the grace of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Īś</span>wara.
It is not possible to realise Vi<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ṣ</span>ṇu
without bhakti.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">The
synonymous use of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Īś</span>wara and Vi<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ṣ</span>ṇu in the passage emphasizes the essence
of Advaita philosophy as </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">“[T]he identification of the Self with Brahman
and the absolute reality of one and only one existence.”<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.55pt; margin-right: 21.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">Bhakti is </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">jñānaṃ that combines the following
qualities:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"> being happy without ego; not
looking for rewards; not craving for anything; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"></span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtHNAxJuN9fSqOqlQvHyEKlMTpjH8Cj-ZBvJuR31kRd_A_4GnxjPRTVcbx00AhLBP0A4mp1wJ7ksXb0OH4gvUNRtakQ7dMIJzQcsFgz6DWx8BS6Is480xHl3hW3IQBCAtBK4dbOJydWse7BxeTQWLz_zwAhblVpuI97OLGWNBY-aSvxkyXEZS5okPH_mw/s1334/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-08-22%20at%2018.48.16.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1334" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtHNAxJuN9fSqOqlQvHyEKlMTpjH8Cj-ZBvJuR31kRd_A_4GnxjPRTVcbx00AhLBP0A4mp1wJ7ksXb0OH4gvUNRtakQ7dMIJzQcsFgz6DWx8BS6Is480xHl3hW3IQBCAtBK4dbOJydWse7BxeTQWLz_zwAhblVpuI97OLGWNBY-aSvxkyXEZS5okPH_mw/w200-h126/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-08-22%20at%2018.48.16.jpeg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Typical Double Page<br />Spread In The Book </span></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">In his
English introduction, he expresses the view that <span style="background: white;">‘an original writer’</span> should take ‘pride in having his
works published as they are so that critics might see him in his true colours’.
It was for this reason, he says, “It is not my habit to have my works
corrected and recast by others”. He laments the propensity of literary
critics to judge the work of writers based more on their outward appearance
than a true evaluation of their literary work. Could Fitzgerald’s impression of
how Omar lived his life have coloured his translations of the poet’s
immortal verses?</span> </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Did N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s find a twin soul when
he observed that Omar Khaiyâm decried ‘all religious shows and philosophical
discussions’ as ‘merely vain and whimsical actions for passing an idle life’?
He says Khaiyâm was vexed with the deep chasm between precept and practice
of crafty philosophers. He therefore satirized their philosophy.
For him pleasing society was true religion and devotion to Almighty was the
happiest enjoyment. It was perhaps because of this perception that N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s found in Khaiyâm, a
mystic rather than a romantic poet. He feels Khaiyâm’s philosophy was largely
misunderstood and his advocacy of ‘wine, woman & music’ should be read as
cryptic symbols for ‘divine service, pure
mind and meditation’. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">r</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">a D</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">s translated Omar
Khaiyâm’s Rubâiyât<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span>when he was
well into his sixties and published the book when he was sixty-eight. This was
what Sarv<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ē</span>palli R</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">dh</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">k</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ṛ<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ṣṇ</span>an, former president of India, then
Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University, had to say of the translations in his
‘FOREWORD’:</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“[…] was greatly struck by his varied
talents, remarkable linguistic equipment, and technical power of versification.
[…] The Telugu verses are written in what is called Acca Telugu or pure Telugu,
which is rather difficult. […] I am tempted to congratulate him on a
performance which, taking all things into account, is certainly
astounding.” </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">In a rare
honour, <i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Hyderabad Bulletin</span></i>,
a British era newspaper published from Hyderabad, reviewed the book in an
editorial entitled, “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A Monument of
Scholarship</span>”. Here are some excerpts:</span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“[A] careful
perusal of the book fills us with admiration at the astounding scholarship of
the learned Pa</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-GB">di</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-GB">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“There are, of
course dozens of translations of the immortal “</span><span lang="EN-GB">Rubâiyât</span><span lang="EN-GB">”, the most popular and probably the best known
being that of Edward Fitzgerald. Pa</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-GB">di</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>yaṇa
D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>s</span><span lang="EN-GB">, who frankly
expresses the opinion that Fitzgerald’s work is not a literal translation, has
gone back to the original Persian in order that the letter and the spirit of
Omar Khaiyâm may not be missed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“In these
degenerate days when scholarship has fallen on evil times, it is incredible to
learn that a Hindu, with Telugu as his mother tongue, should have been so
filled with admiration for a Persian poet that, after he had passed his
sixtieth year, he took the trouble to master so alien a language, and translate
the masterpiece not only into Telugu but into another classical language, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white;">Saṃskṛtaṃ</span><span lang="EN-GB">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“We find in the
book that while Fitzgerald’s translation is rendered into </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white;">Saṃskṛtaṃ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> and into Telugu
of the </span><span lang="EN-GB">Kaṅdaṁ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> metre, the
hardest perhaps in the Telugu prosody, Omar Khaiyâm’s original text is again
translated into G</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ī</span><span lang="EN-GB">ti and the
Bhujangi metres.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“We are certainly
unaware of any recent instance in India where so much learning has been brought
to bear on what is no less certainly a labour of love, for it is evident that
there are few persons familiar with the </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white;">Saṃskṛtaṃ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> language who are
anxious to have a rendering of the Persian original.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“Pa</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-GB">di</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">N<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>r<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>yaṇa D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250);">ā</span>s</span><span lang="EN-GB">’ erudition is
enhanced by the fact that even in using his own mother tongue, he has selected
what is called Acca-Telugu, a language that only a handful can understand. The
work therefore is not intended for the masses, and the learned author expects
no profits out of his scholarship.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“But literature
transcends the limitation of language, age and country, and it is most
gratifying that a Telugu writer of the twentieth century should have paid the
most splendid tribute to a Persian Poet of the twelfth century. He has added a
most copious glossary at the end of the book to facilitate an appreciation of
the original, its translation by Fitzgerald, and the author’s own translation
into </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white;">Saṃskṛtaṃ</span><span lang="EN-GB"> and Telugu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">“In inviting the attention of H.E.H. the
Nizam’s Government to the Pa</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-GB">di</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-GB">’s work, we trust that, in consonance with their
liberal support of classical scholarship; they will extend their patronage to
the Pa</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṅ</span><span lang="EN-GB">di</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-GB">, and thus bring about a sympathetic understanding and
interpretation between the two classical languages.”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">The first edition of <i>Rubâiyât of Omar Khaiyâm</i> was published
in 1932<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span>
and a second edition by the Sahitya Akademi in 2012. The book in four languages
has the original Persian text, its English transliteration with diacritical
marks, Fitzgerald’s English translation, <span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Saṃskṛtaṃ and Acca-Telugu translations</span> of Omar Khaiyâm’s original
text and Fitzgerald’s translation. It is a veritable collector’s item.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"> Old Persian was
an Iranian language which was in use from circa 600 B.C.E to 300 B.C.E. The
next phase in the evolution of the language between 300 B.C.E. and 800 C.E. has
been designated Middle Persian and from 800 C.E. it is known
as Modern Persian<i> </i>or Farsi.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"> By Yavana terms
Nārāyaṇa Dās was probably referring to ‘Middle Persian’.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> The gist of Nār<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span>ya<span style="color: #222222;">ṇ</span>a D<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span>s’
Saṃskṛtaṃ introduction entitled “Umara Kavipra<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ś</span>aṃsā” is based on the Telugu translation of the Saṃskṛtaṃ part of
the work by </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Y</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">ā</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">mij</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">la, Padman</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">ā</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">bhasw</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">mi (1982).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">Swami Prabhavananda. (1963). </span><i><span lang="EN-GB">The Spiritual Heritage of India. </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">p. 274</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The year of
publication was not mentioned in the book, but going by the date of </span><span lang="EN-GB">Sarv<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ē</span>palli R<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span>dh<span style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: #222222;">ā</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">k</span><span lang="EN-GB">ṛ<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ṣṇ</span>an’s “Foreword” it can be deduced that it was published in 1932.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Omar%20Khaiyam%20Intro.docx#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> A character in Bernard Shaw’s play <i>Saint
Joan</i> (Scene IV)<i> </i>soliloquises: “Now this is what I call workmanship.
There is nothing on earth more exquisite than a bonny book, with well-placed
columns of rich black writing in beautiful borders, and illuminated pictures
cunningly inset. But nowadays, instead of looking at books, people read them.”</span> </span></p>
</div>
</div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-55537366286705101752023-08-23T00:03:00.026+05:302023-08-23T12:58:42.842+05:30Bāṭasāri<p style="text-align: justify;"><span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-size: large;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1540" data-original-width="975" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcnNuhhLPYwpQSSC5pmD9RhU7HtH2nIZMI-Ra2lpyFvuMMnBK2V4Mfy4U2UjGXGzM0KhemNRhYsn1hlRfzjOMIXXlWVMRjgMva7pJyFMYD89xAFLmZUjHBZX4CNSxgFmdNXLlxVOc3lMa5GJ1BCwqdrsbeDtYHj2_w0GQQNif4VnzxN2IpTrPitL2o7bo/w127-h200/Batasari.jpeg" width="127" /></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">Bāṭasāri</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;">‘Bāṭasāri’, as some literary commentators erroneously believed,
was not a translation of Oliver Goldsmith’s ‘Traveller’. Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās’
himself dispelled the misconception in his preface to the 1933 edition of the
book, which had gone through several editions during his life time: </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“In writing this small poetical
work my main object had been to present to the Telugu reading public an attempt
at something original as to plot, coupled with vividness of natural
descriptions told in easy Telugu devoid of all the artificialities of the usual
ornate style.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Significantly he did not name the protagonist. He was just <i>Bāṭasāri</i>
(traveller), who gets separated from his family in a shipwreck. In fact, none
of the characters were named. <span>The author did not find it necessary to name
them.</span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> He specified that his poem was “an allegory of human life which begins in
sheer ignorance and ends in perfect knowledge”. The story was about man’s
travails through the sea called life. </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nārāyaṇa Dās wrote <i>Bāṭasāri</i> when he was twenty-four
and dedicated it to Panappākkaṃ Anaṅdācāryulu, an advocate and a member of the
Madras Legislative Council. Anaṅdācāryulu was a connoisseur of
arts and a </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>Sanskrit scholar of repute</span><span>, who earned the title ‘Vidyāvinōdi’.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">The Story</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The ship in which <i>Bāṭasāri </i>was travelling with his
wife and son was wrecked when it hit a mountain. The tides carried them in
different directions. Grieving the separation from his wife and son he wandered
along the shore to reach a stream flowing by a mountain. Lying down on the bank
of the stream he woke up at night to find the moon up. Roaming in search of his
wife and son, he walked into a forest, which came to its night life with
buzzing insects and roaring tigers. He emerged from the forest to reach a
pointed hill. Exhausted, he fell asleep to wake in the midmorning. On waking up
he saw a valley on the other side of the mountain. He walked through the valley
to find a pond. He bathed in the pond and offered oblation to the Sun god. He found
some tubers with which he satisfied his hunger and rested under a beech tree.
As a herd of elephants approached the pond, he climbed a banyan tree from where
he could see the peak of a tall building. Happy to find a human dwelling in the
vicinity at last, he climbed down and walked towards it. Crossing a beautiful garden,
he entered a seven-storied palace and marvelled at its resplendence. The palace
stood on a single pillar and was in the shape of a lotus and approximately a
mile in diameter. It had seven rooms on the first floor, six on the second and
so on till just one on the top floor which was used as a prayer room. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">While he was soaking in the beauties of the palace a bell
sounded and lights came on in the building. The master of the palace, a king
who had just had a bath and his daily ritual prayer, entered along with his
female attendants. Seeing the naked <i>Bāṭasāri</i>, who lost his clothes in
the shipwreck and his perambulations, the king asked him, “Who are you? How did
you reach this palace? Why are you weeping? Where from did you come?” After
arranging clothes for him the king listened to his painful story and assured
him, “Do not worry. Just as you are alive, your wife and son too must have
survived and must be living somewhere.” The king having ordered <i>Bāṭasāri</i>
be put up left the place. Women frolicking in the moonlight brought back
memories of happier days for <i>Bāṭasāri</i>, memories of days spent with his
wife and son and the pain of missing them hit him. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The next day the king invited <i>Bāṭasāri</i> to join him in
a hunting expedition for wild boars and tigers. Accompanied by hunting dogs,
they rode horses carrying guns, bows and arrows and spears and long spears as
their weapons. Impressed by <i>Batakari</i>’s hunting skill, the king invited
him to remain in his kingdom. The king asked him to make a round of his
capital. <i>Bāṭasāri</i> did so but could not enjoy the sight-seeing. He
returned to the king and wailed “Oh noble king, you have been kind to me but
your efforts are as in vain as is a feast for a sick man. You are indeed a
friend in my hour of grief. How can I survive without your succour. At the same
time how can I forget my wife and son?” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The king replied that he had good news for the <i>Bāṭasāri</i>
as the search party he sent out came back to inform him that his wife and son
were alive. On hearing this <i>Bāṭasāri</i> was beside himself with joy. The
king further informed him that his wife wrote something at the base of the
tower clock and took him there. <i>Bāṭasāri</i> was happy to recognize the
script and that it was indeed his wife’s, hearing a description of the woman
who wrote it. He was again consumed by pain wondering how he could convey his
well-being to her. The king consoled him and having spent some time in recreational
activities took <i>Bāṭasāri</i> alone to his garden. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The king said. “Just as a philosopher’s spirits lift when he
sees a new treatise, my spirits lifted when I heard your story.” And then
narrated the story of his family. He pointed to a man approaching them and said
he was his brother’s son. The family had a strange custom. The king’s brother
ruled the family for a while and handed it over to him. He would to give it to
his brother’s son who would later transfer it to the king’s son. The kingdom
where <i>Bāṭasāri</i>’s<i> </i>wife was spotted was ruled by his brother’s
brother-in-law. He had a feud with his brother-in-law (the king’s brother) as
he did not like the ways of his brother-in-law’s family. The king’s nephew (his
brother’s son) loved his uncle’s daughter but because of the family feud,
unable to marry her. The young couple pined for each other and were in intense
grief because of the obstacles that came in the way of their union. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The king requested <i>Bāṭasāri</i> to accompany his nephew
to the neighbouring kingdom where he planned to meet the princess. The trip
would also give <i>Bāṭasāri</i> a chance to meet his wife and son there. There
is a hint that the king hoped <i>Bāṭasāri</i> would be able to persuade the
girl’s father to agree for the union. He said, “Both of you meet your
respective women and come back with them.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He added that after their return he would hand
over the kingdom to his brother’s son as per prior arrangement and asked <i>Bāṭasāri</i>
to join him in <i>vānaprasthaṃ</i>—the third phase in a man’s life according to
the <i>saṇātana dharma</i>. With that the king saw them off at the port.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the ship the young prince told <i>Bāṭasāri</i> about a love
letter he received from the princess and grieved about their inability to
unite. <i>Bāṭasāri</i> consoled him and as it was approaching midnight
suggested they should retire to bed. However, he himself could not sleep as he
mused about his wife and son. The ship reached the destination at daybreak. As
they came off the ship, the princess’ lady in waiting met them. She brought a
ring as an identification and informed that the princess wanted her cousin to
stay in the (two-storied) building in the flower garden. As the ladies in
waiting served the prince, it was the turn of <i>Bāṭasāri</i> to agonize over
his own separation from his wife and son. The prince consoled him. As they
moved to the building the sky turned overcast with clouds and started to rain.
In the meantime, a woman clutching a boy to her bosom approached them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Bāṭasāri</i> and the woman recognized each
other. The boy was his son and the woman the boy’s nanny. She informed him that
his wife was consumed with grief and not being able to bear their separation
was considering suicide. She took the boy on a stroll and ran to the building
because of the sudden rain. <i>Bāṭasāri</i> cuddled his son, showed him to the
prince and expressed his joy about the coming reunion with his family. He asked
the nanny to rush back to inform his wife about his arrival and told the prince
“[For me the separation was like] a drowning man losing his breath but thanks
to you and your uncle, I feel like the man floating on the water to regain his
breath.” As he was saying this, the nanny returned with his wife. The prince discreetly
moved aside to let them enjoy their reunion. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Bāṭasāri</i> and his wife could not contain their joy as
they embraced to celebrate their reunion. Chastened by the lessons of life
learnt during separation, loneliness and reunion he told his wife, “Let’s
forget the unsavoury past and enjoy the moment. Here is the prince that brought
us together.” Saying thus he introduced the prince to his wife. The prince in
turn had good news of his own to convey. His uncle agreed to marry his daughter
to him and also to celebrate the marriage in the prince’s own city. The
princess arrived, “glowing like a flowerpot [that sprays silver flower
sparkles] amidst wick lamps”. <i>Bāṭasāri </i>with his wife and son, and the
prince and princess crossed the sea to return to the prince’s city. The king
was joyed to see the to-be-wedded couple, and the reunited couple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">The Allegory</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;">The narrative is straight–forward. In fact, the story is so
simple that the author summed it up in a single verse at the beginning of the
narrative. In order to help readers unravel the philosophical core of the
allegory, he provided a guide, also at the beginning. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The protagonist, <i>Bāṭasāri</i>,
wanted to emancipate from the hellish illusion of a previous life. The wife and
son were education and wisdom. The sea was the family life of human beings with
all its attendant trials and tribulations. The mountain that wrecked the ship
represented man’s evil deeds. The pointed hill was nature. The river and its
environs were the three states of consciousness, wakefulness, dreamful sleep
and dreamless sleep. The seven-storied lotus–shaped palace with twenty-eight
rooms represented the seven elements of the human body<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the seven techniques used to achieve goals in temporal transactions<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[ii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the six enemies of the mind<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the five layers or <i>kōśas</i> of the soul<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iv]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the four moral values<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[v]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the three psychological states<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[vi]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the two paths to <i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">mōkṣa</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[vii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">and attainment of the supreme consciousness<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[viii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>. The pillar supporting the
building symbolized meditation; the royal couple symbolised knowledge and
renunciation, and the royal attendants symbolised the eight limbs described in
the science of yoga<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn9" name="_ednref9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[ix]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span>The first capital city symbolised the present temporal world
and the second capital symbolised the ‘other’ world. The tower or pillar in the
clock tower symbolised <i>karma</i><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[x]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the writing on it <i>śastraṃ</i><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[xi]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the new couple <i>bhakti</i> and <i>śraddha</i>; the love letter, the <i>Upanishats</i>;
the reunion of <i>Bāṭasāri</i> with his wife and son, the attainment of <i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">mōkṣa</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">; the horse, the intellect; the weapons (sword,
gun, spear and long spear), the four sequential practices or pillars of
knowledge<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_edn12" name="_ednref12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[xii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>;
the boar and the tiger, <i>rāga</i> and <i>dvēṣa</i>; the hunting dogs, holy
practices; the seat, dedication; the nanny, cultural practice; the clock, life;
the ring, recognition; the rain, blessing of the gods; the uncle, teacher and the
cousin (the prince) the lover. In the philosophy of <i>sanātana dharma</i>, <i>ātma</i>
has no death. It wanders, finds a body for a while, is released from it and
keeps repeating the process in an endless cycle. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Regaining consciousness after
dark after the ship wreck and finding himself on the edge of a mountain near
the seashore, <i>Bāṭasāri</i> soliloquises, “Where did I come from? Why am I
unable to see anything. What is the roar I hear?” Beyond the context, these
questions reflect man’s eternal quest to find his bearings! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Literary Values</span><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The kāvyaṃ consists just 195 verses. The storyline is
concise. The philosophical meaning of the story is deep. For the general
reader, there is <i>nature</i>. Describing the variegated splendour of <i>nature</i>
<i>in the universe</i>, and the infinite nuances of <i>human</i> <i>nature</i>
are the author’s forte. There are vivid descriptions of the splendours of
nature, hot summer (verse 12), sunrays (verse 21), moonlight (verse 14), frolicking
in the moonlight (verse 56), dawn (verse 61), midnight (verse 135), pre–monsoon
showers (verse 163) etc. It is difficult to combine appreciation of the
beauties of nature and the pangs of separation from the loved ones in a single
poem but the author did it in long form poetic metre known as <i>sīsaṃ</i> in
two verses (35 & 113). The language is both ornate and simple without being
highfalutin or pretentious. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās’ penchant for experimentation made
him create two new poetic metres which he called <i>cakkera</i> and <i>nattuvu</i>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Bāṭasāri</i> marvels at the beauty and structural
symmetry of the palace, when he first entered it. He finds nobody and wonders
whether it was a dwelling of Gods. Who did the chores? Could it be some
mechanical devices rather than living beings? In allowing his poetic
imagination to roam did <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: medium;">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās</span> unwittingly presage robots and artificial
intelligence as we know them today?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās used to recite poems from <i>Bāṭasāri</i>,
which he wrote at a young age, in his Harikatha performances. Probably for the
benefit of his non–Telugu–speaking audience, he translated the poems into
English prose. The full text is unavailable; a few snippets from the work are
quoted by literary commentators.</span></p><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The seven types of tissues described
in Āyurvēda are <i>rasa, rakta, māṃsa, mēda, asthi, majja, śukra</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[ii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The
four commonly quoted techniques are <i>sāma, dāna, bhēda, daṃḍa</i>. According
to moral philosophers there are three more—<i>māya, upēkṣa, iṅdrajālaṃ―</i>less
commonly used techniques.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>The
six enemies of the human mind are <i>kāma, krōdha, lōbha, mōha, mada, mātsarya</i>.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iv]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The five layers of the soul are <i>annamaya,
prāṇamaya, manōmaya, vijñānamaya, ānaṅdamaya</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[v]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The four <i>puruṣārthas</i> are <i>dharma,
artha, kāma, mōkṣa</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[vi]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The three psychological states also
known as <i>triguna vikāras</i>, known as <i>sattva, rajas, tamas.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[vii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The two paths to <i>mōkṣa </i>are <i>pravṛtti
and nivṛtti</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[viii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reaching the ultimate consciousness
or attaining <i>Brahma jñanaṃ</i>.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[ix]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
The eight limbs or <i>aṅgas </i>described by Patañjali
are<i> </i><i>yama, niyama, āsana, prāṇayāma,
pratyāhāra, dhāraṇa, dhyāna, and samādhi</i>.
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn10" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref10" name="_edn10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[x]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The
spiritual principle of cause and effect.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn11" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[xi]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Any religious or scientific
treatise.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn12" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADas%C4%81ri.docx#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[xii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: medium;">They are <i>vivēka, vairāgya, ṣatsaṃpat,
mumukṣutva</i> as described in <i>Jñāna Yōga</i>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-35314191110540882042023-08-16T00:05:00.134+05:302023-11-23T10:11:22.799+05:30Blessed were his parents! Blessed who saw him! Blessed his listeners!<p style="text-align: left;"></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">By <b>Malladi Suribabu</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV6UPjCFFPWsh49ziLpAodt7q7OQKCkQ93dupm8p-0BBkcXStqbV-gUNUj5nQI0LPI1A5Q5_RRuHQRW_p4h2Od-ZGTaCEGBdCZZppDMSq3VArFE4hxa_B3DHOs5Lfw3OF_LhTRe-94yLRZ_iF3iDDK9gtNL5udXLo6ZUI08jmTqd5opqOm8WIJ273NAX8/s130/images.jpg" style="clear: left; display: inline; float: left; font-family: times; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="114" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV6UPjCFFPWsh49ziLpAodt7q7OQKCkQ93dupm8p-0BBkcXStqbV-gUNUj5nQI0LPI1A5Q5_RRuHQRW_p4h2Od-ZGTaCEGBdCZZppDMSq3VArFE4hxa_B3DHOs5Lfw3OF_LhTRe-94yLRZ_iF3iDDK9gtNL5udXLo6ZUI08jmTqd5opqOm8WIJ273NAX8/w175-h200/images.jpg" width="175" /></a><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-US">Sri
Malladi Suribabu was born in a family devoted to music. His father Sri Malladi Sriramamurthy, a music aficionado turned self-taught musician inculcated a keen
interest </span></span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;">for </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-US">music in the family. Sriramamurthy learnt Adibhatla Narayana Das’
Harikathas and sang </span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">them in All India Radio (AIR) which opened in Vijayavada in
1948. Suribabu who inherited his father’s passion for music joined AIR as an
announcer in 1971. Sri Voleti Venkateswarlu (producer of Karnatik music in
AIR), who chanced upon Suribabu humming </span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">a classical tune encouraged him to
cultivate the art. Thus encouraged, Suribabu trained with virtuosos ‘Sangita
Kalanidhi’ Dr. Sripada Pinakapani and ‘Sangita Kalanidhi’ Dr. Nedunuri
Krishnamurthy. A combination of inherited talent and passion for the art helped
Suribabu acquire name and fame and titles like ‘Saptagiri Sangita Vidvanmani’,
‘Susvaragayaka’ and ‘Sangita Vidyanidhi’. Suribabu, a lucid raconteur apart
from an accomplished musician, wrote a series of articles on musicians of his
time under the title of ‘Amrutavarshini’ in Andhra Bhumi weekly, which was
later compiled into a book.</span></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The names
of grandparents and great grandparents are remembered but the possibility of
remembering the names of a generation earlier than great grandparents is scarce.
Those who do are virtuous. There need be no such concerns for the creator of an
art form. The <i>art</i> <i>form</i> will immortalize its creator in the minds
of successive generations. Adibhatla Narayana Das was born just like many others
of his generation. It was the creation of the performing art form Harikatha that
immortalized him. He had been named ‘Harikatha Pitamaha’ after he reformulated
the art and made it his own by laying down high standards for its performance. He
was god’s gift to the Telugu–speaking people! The word ‘Pitamaha’ (grandfather)
implies reverence. In Mahabharata, Bhishma has been revered as Pitamaha. Just
as Purandara Das is revered as Pitamaha of Karnatik music and Tallapaka
Annamacharya, Pitamaha of lyrical songs in simple Telugu so is Adibhatla
Narayana Das revered as Pitamaha of Harikatha.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">He loved
Telugu so much, he proclaimed, “I shall bring all branches of knowledge to my
dear Telugu people in easy-to-understand form. I will pay back my debt to the
Telugu people who have nurtured me by giving me name, fame and sustenance.”
Kalidas and other poets produced Kavyas by translating stories from Puranas in
slokas. Adibhatla Narayana Das collected events from Puranas and Kavyas,
translated them into poetry and prose, embellished them with music and dance in
a performing art to enthrall his lay and erudite audience. Everyone knows him
as a Harikatha artiste but he was a man of many parts—in fact there was no
branch of knowledge which he did not master. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Human
beings hope for and aspire many things but it is not often that they are
blessed with whatever they desire. Human life is full of twists and turns and unexpected
events. Whatever happens—whether good or bad, it is at the behest of God. The
happenings could be reward or retribution for deeds of an earlier birth or the
present. Human beings are mortal. It is the hand of God that immortalizes the
memory of virtuous people. When that happens, we commemorate the lives of sages
and great men in diverse fields. Strangely but sadly we often do not recognize
genius in our midst. The life of Srimadajjada Adibhatla Narayana Das
(1864-1945) was different. His genius was recognized in his life time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The
nineteenth century European art movement known as aestheticism coined the
slogan ‘Art for art’s sake’. It centered on the doctrine that the purpose of
art is mere enjoyment of beauty. For Narayana Das, his art had a divine
purpose. One could say that for him, Harikatha, meaning ‘God’s story’ was
bestowed by God himself. While delivering the original content in Telugu or
Sanskrit he rapidly translated it into English, Tamil, Hindi or other Indian
languages for the benefit of his audience, interspersing the narration with
copious quotations from English, Persian and Arabic texts. His narratives were
scholarly, richly imbued with imagery and idiom, quite often improvised and
delivered extempore. The humour component that regaled his audience was either intrinsic
to the story or contextual. He never lowered the standard of his art for the
delectation of the lowest common denominator among the audience. His primary
objective was to educate the lay people and win the approbation of the
scholarly; monetary recompense was secondary to him. He did not envisage
Harikatha as a pastime for the idle.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">With a
full-throated ‘Sambho’ that reverberated over a large area he called his
assemblies to order. With a bass megaphone voice like that of a Gandharva, he
sang and narrated events from Ramayanam, Mahabhartam and Bhagavatam. With his
literary assemblies Chellapilla elevated the status of contemporary poets and
poetry. Adibhatla Narayana Das brought to bear a similar dignity to Harikathas.
Many poets and Harikatha artistes feel proud to claim that they were the
disciples or disciples of disciples of the two.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">My father
developed an interest for poetry and music. In the company of the famous
Harikatha artiste, Musunuri Suryanarayana and Adibhatla Narayana Das’ disciple
Vajapeyajula Subbayya (who was from our village, Unguturu in West Godavari
district), he used to practise Keertanas from Harikathas. On one occasion,
Narayana Das was present at their practice session. My father invariably got an
invitation whenever there was a Harikatha performance by Adibhatla Narayana Das
in either of the Godavari districts. Over time he developed an ability to sing
Keertanas on his own.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">It was sage
Narada who enlightened the world that chanting God’s name was more elevating
than studying Vedas and Sastras. He may be said to be the first ‘Haridas’!
Narada decrypted hidden philosophical meanings in Itihasas, Puranas, (the six)
Vedangas and other texts like Agama, Nigama (Vedas) for his audience as he
circumambulated the worlds chanting God’s name. Haridas is the only bard that can explain the
cryptic meanings and philosophical depths of Vedanta to his audience in simple,
easy-to-understand language. Adibhatla Narayana Das was an exemplar of this
belief! </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">It is not
necessary to go around the world in search of God. Bhagavan himself informed
Narada that God exists at places where devotees gather and chant His name. Bhagavan
said “Those who sing paeans to me are dear to me; I look after their welfare.” Those
who have samskara<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span></span></span>
can grasp it. There is no surprise in Narayana Das, a born musician and erudite
scholar grasping the underlying philosophy of Bhagavan’s edict. He combined
fascinating story-telling with music, dance and acting to enchant his audience.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span></span></span> An ocean of music; he
acquired fame as an embodiment of Harikatha: ‘Narayana Das was Harikatha; Harikatha
was Narayana Das’.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">As a young
man he happened to witness a Harikatha in the residence of the wealthy
Kanukurthi family in Vijayanagaram. It changed the course of his life. By then
he was not just a poet but adept in ‘ashtavadhanam’<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[3]</span></span></span> which involves a variety of literary
skills, with composing poetry extempore as its primary component. He had an
enchanting voice. Dance was a divine gift for him. He combined all these
faculties to create the art form Harikatha, which was far removed from what he
witnessed in the Kanukurthi residence. The first Harikatha he wrote was Dhruva
Charitra. Blessed by his elder brother Sitaramayya, he presented it in the
Venugopalaswami temple in Vijayanagaram. The performance enraptured his
audience who blessed him with a bright future as a performing artiste. It was
in the year 1883, when he just turned 19! </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Narayana Das
had mastery over several languages and punditry in sastras like Nyaya, Vedanta,
Vyakarana. He was a captivating story-teller; an extempore poet and an
enchanting musician. There are not many today who witnessed his entrancing
Harikatha performances. Just as Thyagaraja’s music became popular through the
lineage of his disciples, so did Narayana Das’s Harikatha became popular through
the lineage of his disciples. Two of his primary disciples were Neti
Lakshminarayana and Vajapeyajula Subbayya. He taught them ‘Yathartha
Ramayanam’. They came to be known as ‘Ramayanam Brothers’. Apart from these two
the first-generation disciples who captured his mode (bani) of performance were
Pappu Ayyavaru, Nemani Varahala Das, Ravikanti Jagannadha Das, Chittimalla
Rangayya Das, Gudipati Srirama Murthy, Pentapadu Subbayya Das, Pucchala Bhramara
Das (also known as Bavara Das), Karuru Krishna Das, Vedanabhatla Ramanayya Das
et al.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[4]</span></span></span> Nemani Varahala Das was a
lecturer in ‘Sri Vijayarama Gana Pathasala’, the Vijayanagaram music college,
which Narayana Das headed as its first principal. Varahala Das’s disciple,
Choppalli Suryanarayana Das was the first Haridas to publish a gramophone
record. Narayaana Das put up Neti Lakshminarayana in his house and taught him Harikatha.
In fact, for those of his disciples who could not afford boarding and lodging
outside, his house was like a Gurukulam. Mulukutla Sadasiva Sastry, Ambatipudi
Sivaramakrishna, Kuppa Veeraraghavayya et al were disciples of Neti
Lakshminarayana. It would be a long list if I were to name the entire lineage
of his disciples.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Paturi
Madhusudana Rao, Kadali Veera Das … As long as we hear Harikathas, we will
remember all these exponents. Harikatha was the vehicle invented by Narayana Das
with the objective of nurturing the well-being of the society and teaching
‘dharmik’ way of life. Narayana Das’s artistic journey which began with his
first performance in 1883, resonated from Kolkata to Kanyakumari for six and a
half decades.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Thyagaraja
Swami, Syama Sastri and Muttuswami Dikshitar endowed Karnatik music with Vedic
grandeur. Adibhatla Narayana Das did the same for Harikatha. In those days
there were no music colleges till the Maharaja of Vijayanagaram established one
in 1919, with Narayana Das as its first principal. The college had a number of
great musicians in its staff including Dwaram Venkataswami Naidu.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[5]</span></span></span> Famous playback singer
Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao was a pupil of the college. Narayana Das presented
him with a Tambura on his graduation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">It is no
exaggeration to say that there is no other artiste who won so many felicitations,
received so many rewards and accolades, and who tutored and nurtured hundreds
of Harikatha artistes either directly or indirectly, not only in the Telugu
states but anywhere else. As mentioned earlier, he was a pundit in many
languages. But he had a special love for his mother tongue Telugu. He strove to
produce literature in Accha Telugu or Natu Telugu, Telugu devoid of Sanskrit
words. His literary works include Jagajjyothi (a philosophical treatise);
Tarakam (an original Kavyam in Sanskrit); Navarasa Tarangini (a monumental work
that compares and contrasts the depiction of navarasas in the works of Kalidas
and Shakespeare); Rubaiyat of Omar Khaiyam (translations of the Persian
original and Edward Fitzgerald’s English translations into Sanskrit and Accha
Telugu). He wrote seven Satakas (two in Sanskrit and five in Telugu). His
musical work ‘Dasa Vidha Raga Navati Kusuma Manjari’ is a ragamalika comprising
90 Karnatik ragas in Sanskrit and Telugu. He wrote twenty-one Harikathas
(seventeen in Telugu, one in Accha Telugu and three in Sanskrit). These include
Ambarisha Charitra, Gajendra Mokshanamu, Markandeya Charitra, Rukmini
Kalyanamu, Harischandropakhyanamu and Sri Harikathamrutam (Sanskrit).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">His coinage
of Accha Telugu words is interesting. He named Simhachala Narasimha Swami as ‘Rentatragudu
Tindi Mettanti Velpu’. In the Accha Telugu Harikatha, ‘Gourappa Pendli’, he
renamed Sanskrit musical ragas as</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Vasanta
(Ragam): Amani Ravali </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Sri: Kalimi
Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Kedaragowla: Polamugouru Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Darbaru: Dorakoluvu
Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Khamas: Kammecchu
Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Kambhoji: Guruvenda Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Todi: Pendlamu
Ravali<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Trisrajati
Eaka Talam: Mudu
Kuruchula Kolatagala Chappatlu (Talam with 3 kriyas)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Chaturasrajati
Eka Talam: Nalugu Kuruchala Kolatagala
Chappatlu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">In his
earlier Ashtavadhana performances he included playing four talas with two hands
and two thighs. In later years he extended it to five talas which he named
Panchamukhi (the fifth being played with the head) and Shanmukhi (also known as
laghuśekharam). The work ‘Dasa Vidha Raga Navati Kusuma Manjari’, mentioned
earlier was written as a practical application (lakshana–lakshya) for
Panchamukhi and Shanmukhi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">He named
his translation of Sri Lalita Sahasra Namam, ‘Talli Vinki’; Sri Vishnu
Sahasranamam, ‘Vennuni Veyi Perla Vinakari’; a selection of Aesop’s fables
translated for children, ‘Nuruganti’; an independent work based on the
Bhagavadgita, ‘Velpu Mata’; an introduction to Ayurvadam, ‘Manki Minku’; a
dictionary of Accha Telugu words, ‘Seema Palku Vahi’ and a translation of
select Ruks from Rigveda, ‘Mrokkubadi’ also known as ‘Ruksangrahamu’.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">One of his
seminal contributions to the field of classical music was the creation of a
syncretic style fusing the Karnatic and Hindustani styles into the Karnatik–Hindustani
hybrid style (or bani). This was what entranced Rabindranath Tagore, whom he
first met him in 1913 during a performance of ‘Sri Krishna Jananam’ Sanskrit
Harikatha in Kolkata. Tagore who met him ten years later in Vijayanagaram
recalled “The Behag raga you sang in Kolkata is still ringing in my ears!”
Tagore sought the music curriculum of Vijayanagaram Music College to be
introduced in Viswa Bharati University. Similarly, the Maharaja of Mysore who
did not have enough of his music―especially his rendering of Dhanyasi and Hindustani
Bhairavi―had recorded his music in a phonograph. Narayana Das performed
‘Gajendra Mokshanamu’ and ‘Rukmini Kalyanamu’ Harikathas in the Maharaja’s
durbar. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">My father
taught me about fifty of Adibhatla Narayana Das’s keertanas. Each pallavi is in
a class of its own. I still recall some of them I learnt in my younger days:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Ramaa
raghukula varnidhi somaa…</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Kannavaralenta
dhanyulo… There is a pun in the usage of
the word ‘kannavaralu’ in this keertana, describing Sri Rama. In one sense it
refers to his parents, ‘those who gave birth to him’. In another sense it means
‘those who saw him’. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Nanu
ganna talli naluvaranee…<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Varanasee,
varanasee… <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Sujanaavanamoda!
Sarva jagannaadhaa…<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Pendli
kutulunbendlikodukulun velayu sogasu bhalira… <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">7.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Naumite
charana…<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span lang="EN-US">8.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Nidanamuga
nee padaravindamu…<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Koccharlakota
Ramaraju a famous violinist of Tatipaka (Rajolu taluka) played violin wielding
the bow with his left hand. Adibhatla Narayana Das performed ‘Rukmini Kalyanam’
in his brother Ramadas’s residence. My father had the good fortune of singing
as a vocal accompanist in the performance. Narayana Das began the Harikatha
with the keertana ‘Narahari bhajana notanaraa, notanaraa notanakunte vinaraa…’.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Many
connoisseurs of music and letters like Nyapati Subbarao Pantulu (a famous
advocate of Rajamahendravaram); the Raja of Pithapuram; Kandukuri Veersalingam
Pantulu (the famous writer and social reformer); Vaddadi Subbarayudu and
Jayachamaraja Wadiyar, the Maharaja of Mysore were among Adibhatla Narayana Das’s
admirers. It was Jayanti Kamesam Pantulu a famous advocate of Brahmapuram
(Odisha) who first recognized Narayana Das’s innate talent.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Adibhatla Narayana
Das was an iconic figure for the laity; ‘Pitamaha’ for Harikatha artistes; a
giant among poets; ‘Nandiswara’ for dancers; a great thespian among actors; a spiritual
beacon for devotees, an incarnation of Adi Sankara for Vedantists―all things
considered, he was a male incarnation of Sarasvati! My father used to tell me
that Tekumalla Govindarao, Simhadri Ayyappa, Bhagavatula Harisastry and
Mallajosyula Venkanna had a hand in shaping his genius in his early, formative
years.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">It is
necessary to recall the role played by his fourth elder brother Perayya Sastry
(popularly known as Peranna) in Narayana Das’s artistic journey. Peranna
accompanied his younger brother as a shadow playing Tambura and at times as a
vocal accompanist, though he had a mellow voice. With his meditative power
Narayana Das sacrificed his life for his grandson, Suryanarayana who was
afflicted with a life-threatening form of small pox. He prayed Goddess Durga to
spare the grandson and offering his life as barter. The miracle saved the
grandson; but within days small pox consumed the great man.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">My father
used to recall that his Harikatha performances were accompanied by two Veenas,
two Tamburas and a Mridangam. Peranna sat in the background holding a Tambura. Those
were the days when people led simple lives believing in ‘simple living and high
thinking’, with devotion uniting people. The performers on the stage did not
look down upon their audience. They strove to elevate the thinking and souls of
the viewers to a higher plane. They would be remembered as long as the sun,
moon, the stars, the earth and the firmament … there is no change in them … it
is the nature of man that had changed … </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The advent
of the moving film swallowed the earlier arts and modes of entertainment.
Harikathas, stage plays, Burrakathas and purana discourses have gradually
disappeared. All we see around us is the glamour of the tinsel world. Human
beings transformed into automatons; life turned mechanical. Bhagavan said
“Spend a little time of your life meditating about me and you will be mine. I
will ignore your faults and help you ascend a step up the ladder towards
moksha…” The objective of Harikatha as envisaged by Narayana Das was to ennoble
the human mind and turn it towards God even if it was during the duration of
his performance. He hoped, over time it would acculturate the population with
Dharmic thought. He devoted his entire life to achieve the objective. He
produced great literature as a vehicle to achieve the objective.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><div>
<span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="edn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Malladi.docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[1]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a> ‘The
faculty of memory, mental impression or recollection, impression on the mind of
acts done in a former state of existence’, one of the qualities described in
the ‘Vaisesika’ school of philosophy propounded by sage ‘Kanada’. The
philosophy includes ‘bhavana’ the faculty of reproductive imagination.<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn2">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Malladi.docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[2]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="background: white; color: #4d5156;">“<i>Geetam Vadyam Tatha Nrityam</i>, </span><em><span style="background: white; color: #5f6368;">Trayam Sangeetam Uchyate<b>”</b></span></em> <span lang="EN-US">— Sarangadhara. “Sangita Ratnakaram”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Malladi.docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[3]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Ashtavadhanam means performing eight literary tasks, monitored by eight
panellists. The ashtavadhanams Narayana Das performed however had more than
eight panellists on several occasions. The ashtavadhanams Narayana Das
performed included 1. Composing poems on subjects specified by four panellists
in Telugu and four in Sanskrit. 2. The verses were composed one line at a time
for the each of the. On one occasion he had thirty panellists for whom he
composed verses one line each at a time. 2. Composing a kriti on a specified
subject in a specified raga and singing it synchronising it with four talas<i> </i>beaten
with the hands and the thighs. 3. Composing a verse on a specified subject
excluding a specified letter of the alphabet. 4. Arranging in proper sequence a
fifty-word Greek passage given to him at random intervals. 5. Solving a
mathematical problem. 6. Giving the correct number of flowers thrown at him at
irregular intervals. 7. Giving the correct number of rings of bells rung at
irregular intervals. 8. Answering irrelevant questions with wit and wisdom. 9.
Conversing with a pannelist in Sanskrit or Telugu verse. All the verses
composed during the performance were to be recited in the proper sequence at
the end. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Malladi.docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[4]</span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">Another disciple was Kondapalli Asirayya
(or Erukayya) whom he renamed Kalyana Das. He taught him apart from Harikatha,
‘Panchamukhi’, a hard-to-achieve genre of tala performance, which requires
intense concentration and long and assiduous practice.</span></span></p></div>
<div id="edn5">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Malladi.docx#_ednref5" name="_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[5]</span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span lang="EN-US">The <i>College</i> opened with six
branches of music and the following were appointed as lecturers: Peri
Sriramamurthy (Gatram); Nemani Varahala Das (Gatram–Junior Classes); Vasa
Venkata Rao (Veena); Kattu Suranna (Veena–Junior Classes); Dwaram Venkataswami
Naidu (Violin); Lingam Lakshmaji (Mridangam); Muniswami (Nadasvaram) and
Natesam Pillai (Dolu).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;">.................................</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;">The article was written for a special issue of Nartanam.in, a half-yearly online magazine devoted to dance and other performing arts, published by Sahrdaya Arts Trust. The issue </span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;">XXIII Volume 1, January</span><span face=""Google Sans", arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202124; text-align: left;">–</span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;">June2023, was specially brought out to </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: times;">commemorate the life and work of Adibhatla Narayana Das.</span></span></p>
</div>
</div><div><div id="edn5">
</div>
</div><p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-61764664418143846722023-08-09T18:24:00.008+05:302023-10-05T18:45:09.241+05:30Talli Vinki — Nātu-Telugu versification of Śrīlalitāsahasranāma Stōtram<h3 class="subtitle" style="--tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; line-height: var(--line-height-24); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: var(--size-12); text-align: justify;"><br /></h3><h3 class="subtitle" style="--tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; line-height: var(--line-height-24); margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: var(--size-12); text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJg6oB2JBuVllM-PyWFh8e1jGfUkJ6sZqzBpL7RUvMJxlEWKnzwSE5AFeGnl_-UlF0UuBejmTWcFvGdOeDG5cNDtcDDEtL64nmN4DtnYxmGGDH39npIJac9kI_I0ScqlZvoIyERzOB15bhByP6UbGYVG9MQPesXEYRFyc3WAPnFyEtSf0N8ccG9GjiX5Q/s320/Lalitha-Devi-Photo-Gallery-Free-Download.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="241" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJg6oB2JBuVllM-PyWFh8e1jGfUkJ6sZqzBpL7RUvMJxlEWKnzwSE5AFeGnl_-UlF0UuBejmTWcFvGdOeDG5cNDtcDDEtL64nmN4DtnYxmGGDH39npIJac9kI_I0ScqlZvoIyERzOB15bhByP6UbGYVG9MQPesXEYRFyc3WAPnFyEtSf0N8ccG9GjiX5Q/s1600/Lalitha-Devi-Photo-Gallery-Free-Download.jpg" width="241" /></a></div>The versatile genius of Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās (1864-1945) as an <i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">aṣṭāvadhāni</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">,
writer, poet, composer, linguist, dancer and actor is well known. He was the
creator of the performing art </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">harikatha</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> which is a composite of five
distinct arts—</span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">pur</i><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ā<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ṇik</span></i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> storytelling; poetry and
classical music, pre-written and composed extempore; dancing and acting. He
wrote twenty-one </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">harikathas </i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">(which he called </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">yakṣagānās</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">); seventeen
in Telugu, three in Sanskrit and one in Telugu devoid of Sanskrit terms. The literary
component of the </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">harikathas </i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">is characterized by rich imagery and idiom.
As the </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">yakṣagānās</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> were written to be performed on stage they were imbued
with euphony in every line and a piquancy flavour in every passage and verse. In
addition to choosing </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">rāgas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> and </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">tāḷas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> appropriate to the contexts
in which the </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">kṛtis </i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">were composed, he experimented with rare and
innovative </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">rāgas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> and </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">tāḷas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">, and special features like </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">svarākṣara
kṛtis</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> and </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">rāga mudras</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">. His </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">aṣṭāvadhāna </i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">performances, which he
commenced much before he wrote his first literary work, had musical elements. Just
as other </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">aṣṭāvadhānis </i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">composed verses on demand, he composed </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">kṛtis</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">
extempore in specified </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">rāgas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> and </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">tāḷas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"> and sang them to synchronize
with two or four </span><i style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">tāḷas</i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;">. </span></span></h3><p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>Nārāyaṇa Dās wrote his first literary work when he just turned
twenty. It was </span><i>Aṃbarīṣa Caritra</i><span> (1883). The </span><i>harikatha</i><span> has been
hailed for the beauty of its language, innovative storytelling and the depth of
its philosophical insights. From then on for the next sixty years he produced
magnificent literature in a variety of genres: prose, poetry, music, drama etc.
They included moral stories for children, allegorical poems suffused with deep
philosophical insights, philosophical treatises and translations.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">There were three distinct phases in Nārāyaṇa Dās’ literary odyssey.
The first, 1883–1910, was entirely devoted to writing in Sanskritised Telugu
(also known as <i>miśrama</i>-Telugu), the language in which most Telugu
literature was and has been written to this day. In the second phase, between
1910 and 1920 he wrote both in Sanskrit and Sanskritised Telugu. The third
phase began around 1920, when he set out to compare and contrast the beauties
of Shakespeare and Kāḷidās in a monumental study, he titled <i>Nava Rasa Taraṅgiṇi</i>
(1922). It was no mean task to vet the entire corpus of Shakespeare’s thirty-seven
plays and one hundred and fifty-four sonnets; select passages in which the nine
<i>rasas </i>(moods or sentiments) are portrayed; pick up similar portrayals
from Kāḷidās’ plays and <i>kāvyas</i>, and contrast their relative beauties and
merits. The different languages in which the esteemed poets wrote presented a
difficulty for their comparison. Therefore, Nārāyaṇa Dās decided to translate
them both into Telugu for evaluating their relative merits. Here he saw a second
difficulty. A thousand poets before him must have translated Sanskrit works
into Telugu but none burdened himself with the rule that a translation from
Sanskrit to Telugu should not contain either <i>tatsama </i>(equivalent) or <i>tadbhava</i>
(derivative) Sanskrit words. There is a variant called <i>acca-Telugu</i>, in
which <i>tadbhava </i>words are permitted, but it would not do for him. He
therefore chose what he termed as <i>nā</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">u-Telugu</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> totally excluding <i>tatsama </i>and <i>tadbhava </i>words for his
translations of Shakespeare and Kā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ḷ</span><span lang="EN-US">idās. If he could not
find a suitable word to translate a Sanskrit word, he coined it. Similarly, he
created a corpus of <i>nā</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">u-Telugu</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> technical words for use in </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">yurv</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">da</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, poetics and music. <i>Nava Rasa Taraṅgiṇi</i>
in effect launched the third phase of his literary career. From then on, most
of his literary works were in <i>nā</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">u-Telugu.
</span></i><span lang="EN-US">There were two exceptions: his musical magnum opus <i>Daśa
Vidha Rāga Navati Kusuma Mañjari</i> (1938), and his philosophical magnum opus <i>Jagajjy</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ti </span></i><span lang="EN-US">(1939-43).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Though an accomplished litterateur and musician, Nārāyaṇa Dās chose <i>harikatha</i>
as his principal vocation for he believed that inculcation of <i>bhakti </i>was
the means to attain an exalted level of consciousness and eventually <i>m</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">kṣa</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. In almost six decades, in hundreds of
performances from Kolkata to Kanyakumari he strove to instill <i>bhakti</i> in
the minds of his audiences. Though most of his literature reflects this ideal,
two works through which he sought to win the almighty with the intense ardour
of his <i>bhakti</i> deserve mention.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">In 1908, his fourth elder brother and lifelong mate in his artistic odyssey,
Pērayya Śāstry fell seriously ill. His doctors gave up hope. Nārāyaṇa Dās sat
by his bedside, composed and recited <i>Mṛtyu</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">jaya Śiva
Śatakam</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. In it he laid bare his heart and spread it
at the feet of “<i>Mṛtyu</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">jaya Śiva</span></i><span lang="EN-US">” as it were. In the composition he pleaded, beseeched, wailed and
even threatened <i>Mṛtyu</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">jaya Śiva</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">,<i> </i></span><span lang="EN-US">the
god of <i>laya</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">,<i> </i></span>to
spare the life of his beloved brother. He earnestly wanted his brother to
outlive him. His wish was granted and his elder brother not only survived the
severe illness but outlived him.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kjR2xyCCx-gIsGgYvXzg6DOBo8uBQww5Py38a7Dif0thzjQKn38wwvlHymkhp09Jee8PQrua6O4W0XV-xbuDVCQDM9BZjWV-Og8fn81-CJbrRj1OSJ40lEZUfTxqlQjO1H_LmCyzytJdpazuYnA8K9wnlpftoyas0sFWh8mEgNo_4WIbnWCf2-bjFQA/s586/Screenshot%202023-08-17%20215339.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="391" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kjR2xyCCx-gIsGgYvXzg6DOBo8uBQww5Py38a7Dif0thzjQKn38wwvlHymkhp09Jee8PQrua6O4W0XV-xbuDVCQDM9BZjWV-Og8fn81-CJbrRj1OSJ40lEZUfTxqlQjO1H_LmCyzytJdpazuYnA8K9wnlpftoyas0sFWh8mEgNo_4WIbnWCf2-bjFQA/s320/Screenshot%202023-08-17%20215339.png" width="214" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The second work of a similar nature is <i>Talli Vinki, nātu-Telugu </i>versification
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsaha</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">s</span><i><span lang="EN-US">ranāma St</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US">tram</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. <i>Talli Vinki</i> was his last
work written between 1943 and his demise on January 2, 1945. In this work, Nārāyaṇa
Dās did not seek a boon for himself but to fulfill the wishes of all his
compatriots.</span></div></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>At the beginning of </span><i>Bhāgavata Purāṇa</i><span>, </span><i>Viṣṇu</i><span> informs </span><i>Brahma</i><span>
that the trinity, </span><i>Brahma</i><span>, </span><i>Viṣṇu</i><span> and </span><i>Mahēśvara</i><span> create,
sustain and retrieve life at the behest of </span><i>Ādi Parāśakti</i><span>, the supreme
mother goddess. The introduction to </span><i>Talli Vinki</i><span> is an erudite
elucidation of mother, motherhood and mother goddess </span><i>Ādi Parāśakti</i><span>,
reflecting what </span><i>Viṣṇu</i><span> says in the </span><i>Bhāgavata Purāṇa</i><span>.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>The following discussion is in part summarized from the introduction</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span> to </span><i>Talli
Vinki, </i><span>except where otherwise indicated. Spirituality has been accorded a
prime position in Indian philosophical thought. Ancient Indian ethos laid great
store by the control of physical senses and abjuring sensual pleasures as a means
for the pursuit of </span><i>mōkṣa</i><span>. The sages, who transcribed the </span><i>śṛtis</i><span>, recognized
that though it was an ideal, it was not possible for everyone to achieve.
Therefore, in their infinite wisdom they prescribed a three-tiered approach
comprising </span><i>karma</i><span>, </span><i>upāsana </i><span>and </span><i>jñāna</i><span>, with </span><i>jñāna</i><span>
being the ultimate goal of spirituality. Ascendance from one stage to another
is contingent on the success or </span><i>adhikārita</i><span> achieved in it. The first
part </span><i>karma</i><span> is for everyone and includes the practice of </span><i>dharma</i><span> in
the pursuit of </span><i>artha</i><span> and </span><i>kāma</i><span>.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>The second step </span><i>upāsana</i><span> requires strong will and
self-control. The practitioner (or </span><i>upāsakaḥ</i><span>) focuses his entire
consciousness on the single deity he intends to internalize, while excluding
all other thoughts. He </span><i>meditates</i><span> with the appropriate</span><i> mantra</i><span> till
he experiences an inner ecstasy, an illumination. In effect, the </span><i>upāsakaḥ </i><span>‘experiences’
the deity. In congruence with the meditation, the outward behaviour of the </span><i>upāsakaḥ</i><span>
should conform to </span><i>dharma</i><span>. In order to internalize and experience the
deity, the impure body has to be purified not just physically but by excising
all impure or </span><i>adhārmik</i><span> thoughts. The </span><i>upāsakaḥ</i><span> should first
understand the </span><i>ṛṣi</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">, <span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><i>chanda</i></span></span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">, <i>daiva</i></span><i> </i><span>forms of the </span><i>mantra</i><span>.
In the initial stages the </span><i>upāsakaḥ </i><span>visualizes the deity outside and
apart from him but as he ascends the meditative ladder, when he achieves </span><i>adhikārita</i><span>,
a stage comes when he visualizes that he and the deity are not different. This
is the stage at which the </span><i>upāsakaḥ</i><span> really internalizes the deity. In the
</span><i>karma </i><span>phase different practitioners see the same truth differently. In
the </span><i>jñāna </i><span>phase the differentiation ceases and the practitioner experiences
the deity. The </span><i>upāsana </i><span>phase bridges the two.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">Three states of consciousness are described in the <i>Māṇ</i></span><i style="background-color: white; mso-bidi-font-style: normal; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: CIDFont+F5;">ḍ</span></i><i style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">ūkya Upaniṣat</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext; text-align: justify;">.
They are wakefulness, dreaming and dreamless sleep. The fourth, the state of
transcendental (or ultimate) consciousness is known as<i> turīya</i>—literally,
the fourth state in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sanskrit</span>. It
is also described as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nirvāṇa</i>. In his <i>Yōga
Sūtras</i>, Patañjali̍ described it as <i>samādhi </i>or intense abstract
meditation.<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>It
is in this state that the <i>upāsakaḥ </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">begins to experience the deity, which eventually leads him to the <i>jñāna
</i>phase.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">For those who cannot
graduate through the three phases, <i>karma</i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">,
<i>upāsana </i>and <i>jñāna</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> as
prescribed by the <i>V</i></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ē</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">das</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">, ancillary works known as <i>smṛtis</i>,
(the six <i>vēdā</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ṅ</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">gas</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">¸ the one hundred and eight <i>upaniṣats</i>,
the eighteen <i>purāṇas</i>, the two <i>itihāsas Rāmāyaṇa </i>and <i>Mahābhārata
</i>et al) were written by the sages. In order to enlighten ordinary human
beings about the path to achieve <i>jñāna</i>, some knowledge parts of the <i>smṛtis
</i>were included in the <i>purāṇas</i>. Thus, <i>Rudrādhyayam </i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">was included in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sūtasaṃhita</i>,
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bhagavadgīta</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sanatsujātīyam</i> and <i>Viṣṇus</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ahasranāma <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">St</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tram</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">M<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ahābhārata</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Similarly,
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">tram</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> was included in <i>Brahmāṇḍa purāṇa</i>.
The absorption of knowledge by ordinary enthusiasts of <i>jñāna</i> however depends
on the <i>adhikārita</i> achieved by them. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 110.1pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;">At the age of eight Hindu boys are initiated into <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vēdik </i>education beginning with the
instruction for intonation of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri
mantra</i>. The instruction is conducted by the father to the son. The
objective of intonating <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri mantra </i>is
to develop mind control. Though <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri </i>is
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brahmavidya, </i>which amounts to worship
of a male deity in nature, it is taught to the boy in the form of worship of the
mother goddess. Instruction of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri
mantra</i> takes two forms. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri </i>imparted
by the father while initiating the son into <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vēdik
</i>education consists of the twenty-four-syllable <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mantra </i>which is known as the ‘overt’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri mantra</i>. There is another form of worship of the mother
goddess which is learnt as part of the <i>karma</i>–<i>upāsana–jñāna <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>progression. In view of the cryptic nature
of the worship, it requires initiation by a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">guru.
</i>The ‘cryptic’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri</i> is also
known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lalit<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ā</span>vidya</i>. Unlike the ‘overt’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gāyatri</i> mentioned earlier which is imparted in boyhood, initiation
into <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lalit<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ā</span>vidya</i> can be done at any age. Among all learning <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lalit<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ā</span>vidya</i>
is considered to be the most sacred. Hence it is also known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīvidya</i>. The deity <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lalit<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">is symbolized in the </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīcakra </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">for the worship or <i>upāsana</i>. According to the <i>smṛtis</i>, not
only the desire to learn </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīvidya</i>
follows purity of mind during several preceding births but the birth during
which <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīvidya </i>is learnt would be the
culmination of the cycle of births:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 110.1pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;">Caramē janmani yathā
śrīvidyōpāsakō bhavēt |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 110.1pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;">Nāma sāhasra paṭhasca
tathā caramajanmani ||<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 110.1pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>The primary text for learning the </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīvidya </i><span>is </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span>ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. The Sanskrit word ‘sahasra’ normally means a thousand but in this context,
it need not notate a number. Depending upon the strength of his desire and the
intensity of his ardour the <i>upāsakaḥ</i> can choose any one of the following
five deities for internalizing through intense abstract meditation. They are <i>Aṃbikā</i>
(<i>Lakṣmi</i>, <i>Sarasvati</i>), <i>Śiva</i>, <i>Viṣṇu </i>(<i>Rāma</i>, <i>Kṛṣṇa</i>,
<i>Hayagrīva</i>), <i>Gaṇapati</i>, <i>Sūrya</i>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
The <i>ṛṣis</i> of <i>sanātanadharma </i>internalized these deities through
their <i>upāsana</i>. Based on their spiritual experiences, they revealed the
divine nature of the deities encoded in the <i>st</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tras</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Among all the <i>st</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tras</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">, </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span>ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> may be said to be the most sacred. The <i>sahasranāma st</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tras
</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">of all other deities generally
list synonyms of their names, define their general nature and describe their conquests.
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span>ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> is different. Every name is an aphorism and
has a deep cryptic meaning. In point of fact, the <i>st</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> encodes the entire corpus of knowledge that
was revealed in the four <i>V</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ē<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">das</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās might have commenced his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrīvidya <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">upāsana </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">quite early in life but he wrote the
commentary at a mature age―he turned eighty when he commenced it. He fervently
wanted to share the illumination he experienced with his compatriots―in a
language they did not know was theirs, but hoped at some time they would, enticed
by the lyrical euphony of his translation. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span>ō<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> is believed to be written by the eight deities known as <i>Vāgdēvis </i>in
the <i>Sāmavēda</i> tradition to be chanted in a rhythmic metrical intonation.
It would be appropriate for any translation to be written in a similar melodic
metrical rhythm. <i>Talli Vinki </i>may be said to be the first poetic
translation capable of being chanted in such a rhythmic metrical intonation. The
translation is in the <i>dvipada</i> or in the long form <i>ma</i></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ñ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">jarīdvipada </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">metre that lends the text a melodic flavour for chanting. In each verse
he defined the name, explained its significance and the benefits it bestows on
the <i>upāsakaḥ</i>. In some cases where the cryptic names need instruction of
a <i>guru</i>, he merely translated them without further explanation.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās finished translation of the work in 1944 and
was eager to publish it but could not do so because of scarcity of paper (and
many other commodities) caused by the war raging in Europe. In late 1944, he was
faced with one of the most critical situations in his life. It was one of those
crises, which puts a man’s character to an existential test. In a way the
goddess might have given him an opportunity to demonstrate the prowess of his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">upāsana</i>. His only grandson who just
turned twenty-two was afflicted with a very severe form of small pox. Again, as
in the case of his elder brother, doctors had no hopes about the young man’s
survival. He meditated a whole night chanting <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Śrī<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">lalitāsahasranāma St</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tram</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">
praying the goddess to bless his grandson with life and offering his life as barter.
Miraculously the grandson began recuperating from the next day and was
completely healthy in nine days. On the tenth day, January 2, 1945 </span><span lang="EN-US">Ādibhaṭla Nārāyaṇa Dās, the sage, shuffled out of his mortal coil.</span></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportEndnotes]--><br clear="all" />
</span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[endif]-->
</span><div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">(1967). “Nāṭu Telugu”.
Introduction to <i>Sīma Palku Vahi</i>, Nāṭu Telugu–Telugu dictionary In <i>Ādibhaṭṭa
Nārāyaṇa Dāsa Vyāsa Pīṭhamu</i>. (1974). Joga Rao, S. V. (<i>Ed.</i>). Eswara
Rao, K. (Publisher). Guntur. pp 67-90.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Narayana Das, Adibhatla.
(1974). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Mattu” (Introduction). <i>Talli Vinki</i>. <i>Ibid</i>.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">pp 110-121.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Neelakantha
Sastry, Oruganti. (1974).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">“Toli
Paluku” (Introduction).Narayana Das, Adibhatla. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Talli Vinki</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
(1974).Joga Rao, S. V. (<i>Ed.</i>).Dasa Bharati Prachuranalu. Guntur. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Prabhavananda, Swami. 1977. <i>The
Spiritual Heritage of India. </i>Sri Ramakrishna Math. Madras.p.15</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/unara/Desktop/UND/Talli%20Vinki%20(1).docx#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Over
time many other <i>sahasranāma st</i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ō</span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">tras</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">
have been composed and chanted but only the five (including their parenthetical
variations mentioned) were ordained by the <i>ṛṣis</i> and may be said to have <i>vēdik</i>
imprimatur. </span></span></p>
</div>
</div>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-79690130785810043892022-05-31T09:44:00.001+05:302022-05-31T09:44:14.768+05:30హరికథలో వ్యాకరణశాస్త్ర చమత్కారం<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">జానకీ శపథము</span></b><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> హరికథలోని ఈ సీసపద్యంలో చమత్కారం వ్యాకరణ
శాస్త్రంలో కనీసం</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ప్రాధమికమైన ప్రవేశముంటే</span><span lang="TE" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Vani, serif; font-size: 12pt;">గాని అవగావహమవదు.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Vani;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">పల్లమువంకఁ బ్రవర్తించె నీర్వి</span><span lang="TE" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Vani;"> </span><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">శే</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ష్యము జాడఁజను విషేషణముభంగి</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">అడవి కార్చిచ్చుల కాదేశమై కొండ</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">వరదయాగమమయ్యె జెరువులకును</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">అల ప్రకృతిప్రత్యయము లట్టు లన్యోన్య</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">మెడయ కేళ్ళుం గాల్వలేకమయ్యె</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">కర్మభావవప్రయోగంబుల దప్పని</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">యాత్మనేపదమట్టు లలరెకప్ప</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Vani;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">వడి నలౌకిక విగ్రహవాక్యము వలెఁ</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">గోకిల రవప్రమోగంబులేక యుండె</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">పల్లవిత బహువ్రీహి సంపతటలమగుచుఁ</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Vani",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">బ్రబలి వ్యాకరణమువలె వానవెలిసె</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-43145842095597140992021-07-30T19:06:00.000+05:302021-07-30T19:06:27.909+05:30ఒక సీస పద్యంలో సర్వమత సారం!<p><span style="font-family: Gautami, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">ఆది
కారణ మెన్న రాదు కావున స్వ</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">భావము లోకమని చెప్పు బౌద్ధమతము</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">జగ
మబద్ధము బ్రహ్మ సత్యం బటంచు నెం</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">తయు</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";">, </span><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">బోధపర్చు నద్వైతమతము</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">సగుణుఁ
డీశుడు ప్రపంచము వానియిచ్ఛావి</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">భూతి యంచు గణించు ద్వైతమతము</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ఇహమె
నిక్కము పరం బెల్లఁ గల్ల యటంచుఁ</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">దెల్లము సేయు నాస్తిక మతంబు</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ఇన్నిమతములలో
సార మెంచి యెంచి</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">దయయు
నిర్మోహము న్భక్తిధర్మబుద్ధి</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">నాల్గిట</span><span lang="TE" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"> </span><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">న్గ్రమముగఁ బొందినయము మీఱ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="font-size: large;">జయము
మనమంద వలయు నో సభ్యులార!</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-8025441634135227122021-07-23T10:32:00.004+05:302021-07-23T10:35:28.061+05:30గజరాజును రక్షించటకు బయలుదేరిన శ్రీహరిని అనుసరించిన శ్రీలక్ష్మి విధము<p><span face="Gautami, sans-serif" style="font-size: large;">అంసభాగంబున
నాడెడు గొప్ప కొ</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ప్పున సన్నజాజులు పుడమిరాలఁ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">జిన్ని
కెంజాయ వాల్గన్నుల కమ్మల</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">దివిటీల మును నటుల విధ మొప్ప</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">హరిహరాకృష్ట
చేలాంచెలంబున నీవి</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">యందునఁబాణిద్వయంబు మెరయ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">మోము
వేకువ చందమామ పోల్కిని వెల్గ</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">నధరంబు పైఁగెంపులలరుచుండఁ</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">గాలి
పావడ జీరాడ కాంచి వీడ</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">కౌను
జవ్వాడ నారద మౌని పాడ</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">మేచకముతోడఁ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>దొల్కరి మెరుపుజూడ</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="font-size: large; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">నేఁగుదెంచెను
లక్ష్మి సర్వేశునీడ</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Gautami","sans-serif"" lang="TE" style="mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"> — </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif;">గజేంద్ర మోక్షణము </b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif;">(1886). పు 26</span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif;"> </b></span></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-73788737363424797822021-04-08T17:30:00.000+05:302021-04-08T17:30:04.915+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-6]<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="327" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EpTutESm3oU" width="477" youtube-src-id="EpTutESm3oU"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-84247515536427798212021-04-08T17:27:00.005+05:302021-04-11T10:03:59.686+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-5]<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="356" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VnLzwMG6c6I" width="485" youtube-src-id="VnLzwMG6c6I"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-52347742606872064832021-04-06T10:28:00.002+05:302021-04-11T10:06:30.267+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-4]<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="358" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fY4sdT7jCzU" width="483" youtube-src-id="fY4sdT7jCzU"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-68024660816906042992021-04-04T20:33:00.002+05:302021-04-04T20:33:35.388+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-3]<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="362" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uJy9b96VKME" width="488" youtube-src-id="uJy9b96VKME"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-75829092716648392852021-04-03T20:34:00.001+05:302021-04-03T20:36:06.722+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-2]<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="324" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/26ufX0wBWoU" width="487" youtube-src-id="26ufX0wBWoU"></iframe></div><br /><p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00465966624447645721noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-88145672752144735442021-04-03T19:50:00.002+05:302021-04-03T19:51:12.955+05:30Sri Harikathamrutham [Episode-1]<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="334" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0q0jPjydMVY" width="483" youtube-src-id="0q0jPjydMVY"></iframe></div><br />VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00465966624447645721noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-76026298106702116582021-04-01T10:29:00.000+05:302021-04-06T10:33:20.150+05:30Jagajjyothi – 3<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="376" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ou6P_d-m7P8" width="484" youtube-src-id="Ou6P_d-m7P8"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-17209344037595940672021-03-31T14:27:00.000+05:302021-04-05T16:56:01.116+05:30Jagajjyothi – 2<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="361" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1yv92FAkw_s" width="486" youtube-src-id="1yv92FAkw_s"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-67102695994686696812021-03-30T14:23:00.000+05:302021-04-05T16:55:20.492+05:30Jagajjyothi – 1<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="366" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aSqx44wTkyA" width="484" youtube-src-id="aSqx44wTkyA"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166460700565635327noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-41488088830305025662020-12-13T20:13:00.001+05:302020-12-13T20:13:49.056+05:30ఇంత చక్కని తెలుగు పద్యం ఇంతకుముందు చదివారా? <p>దండము, దండము, దండము, దండము, </p><p> దండము, వలమురితాల్ప! నీకు</p><p>జొహారు, జొహారు, జొహారు, జొహారు,</p><p> జొహారెరచిదిండి సూడ! నీకు </p><p>గొండీలు, గొండీలు, గొండీలు, గొండీలు,</p><p> గొండీలు కడలి యల్లుండనీకు</p><p>కైచాఁపు, కైచాఁపు, కైచాఁపు, కైచాఁపు,</p><p> కైచాఁపనలఁబుట్టుకంటి! నీకు</p><p>అలకాపరి దీవెలకోల నీకు</p><p>మోడు పోయడ్గు చెమ్మటలాడ నీకు</p><p>మఱిమఱియు మొక్కులో పెరుమాళ్ళ నీకు</p><p>రెంటత్రాగుడు తిండి మెట్టంటువేల్ప</p><p>........................................................................</p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ఇది శ్రీ నారాయణ దాసుగారు రచించిన అచ్చతెలుగు శతకము</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">వేల్పువంద</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">లోనిది. "రెంటత్రాగుడు
తిండి మెట్టంటువేల్ప"</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">అను మకుటము గల
సీసపద్య శతకము.</span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"> </span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ఆ మకుటమున కర్థము "సింహాచలస్వామి". నారాయణ
దాస స్వానుభవ భాష్యమిది. వారి భక్తి భావ భండారమున కెత్తిన బావుటా. లోకజ్ఞతకు
పట్టిన యద్దము.</span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"> </span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">రచన: </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;">1910. </span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">ముద్రణ: శ్రీ
వేద వ్యాస ప్రెస్</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;">, </span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">విజయనగరము</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;"> (</span><span lang="TE" style="color: black; font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">తొలికూర్పు</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;">, 1935)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami;">………………………………………………….<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Gautami, sans-serif;">రెంటత్రాగుడు
= ఏనుగు</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">రెంటత్రాగుడుతిండి
= సింగము</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TE" style="font-family: "Gautami","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">రెంటత్రాగుడుతిండిమెట్టు
= సింగపుంగొండ</span><o:p></o:p></p><br /><p></p>Srimadajjada Adibhatla Narayana Dasa Katha Gana Kala Parishathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03342202635348275829noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-15018868461082957832020-08-31T19:04:00.002+05:302023-09-25T16:51:36.641+05:30Srimadajjada Adibhatla Narayana Das - A Brief Biography<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVCFiH2htXRibZ3FqLGR8oDXhl_k33_1UjBzeG1Ot7DlMWzsDSYc4xyk9tCZawulHNH8QMOvww1BeqafLS6ZU4hTjZC3pfQQOAWIqPNmtJdcVlnqKqXvM0xbhFSoK3YGzTkxZj4p4669-NRQIM0-2w-xiDItZhL3KwrgP82OjZuvlp0tpeE2Fy0zoVFi0/s478/LDLZ6163.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVCFiH2htXRibZ3FqLGR8oDXhl_k33_1UjBzeG1Ot7DlMWzsDSYc4xyk9tCZawulHNH8QMOvww1BeqafLS6ZU4hTjZC3pfQQOAWIqPNmtJdcVlnqKqXvM0xbhFSoK3YGzTkxZj4p4669-NRQIM0-2w-xiDItZhL3KwrgP82OjZuvlp0tpeE2Fy0zoVFi0/s320/LDLZ6163.JPG" width="213" /></a></div>The </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> established </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Yuva Layam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> with an aim
to encourage youth to take up classical music, nurture talent and enhance
standards of teaching Carnatic music. In collaboration with Sri
Venkateswara Music & Dance College, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Hindu Dharma Prachara Parishat</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and Andhra
Music Academy, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Yuva Layam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> conducted a youth festival in November 2012.
The festival included lecture demonstrations by eminent musicians, debates,
quizzes and a Carnatic music competition. About 32 teams comprising 250 young
musicians (from the four southern states) filtered from two earlier rounds
participated in the final music competition. A conference on </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Promotion of Carnatic
music amongst youth</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> was organised as part of the festival. </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Yuva Layam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> published a
souvenir to commemorate the event. The following article entitled </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pandit Srimadajjada
Adibhatla Narayana Das</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> (by Upadhyayula Narayanadas) appeared in
the souvenir. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">It is well nigh impossible to find a parallel for him in the history of Indian
literature. Pandit Srimadajjada Adibhatla Narayana Das (1864-1945) was the only
scholar who had mastery over four classical languages—Sanskrit, Telugu, Persian
and Arabic—and translated
from Persian and English into Sanskrit and Telugu;
the only litterateur who wrote a comparative treatise on the works of Kalidas
and Shakespeare; the only writer-composer who translated
into Telugu and set to music Rig Vedic hymns and the only
writer-composer who composed a </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">geeta-malika</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> comprising
90 Carnatic ragas. As a writer-composer who composed music in all the
72 Carnatic ragas he was next only to Thyagaraja.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pandit
Narayana Das was a writer, poet, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">asta-avadhani</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, musician,
dancer, linguist and philosopher. He was a rare litterateur to whom, ‘the
indiscriminately employed and hackneyed phrase ‘versatile genius’ may be
justifiably applied’. </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">The Hindu</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> (June 30, 1894) referred to him as a
‘versatile genius’ in a review of his Harikatha:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">“[…] an exquisite poet,
a versatile genius conversant with English, a profound scholar in
Telugu and Sanskrit and an accomplished musician of the most enchanting type.
While this pride of Vizianagaram was unfolding the story with his inimitable
skill, the audience was beside itself with joy. Not only was he applauded time
and again, but at the close, there was a spontaneous outburst from every one
present exclaiming that it was a rare and excellent treat. Of the gifted
expounder, it may well be and truly said that he is entitled to be spoken of in
glowing terms by the best of Pundits, by the most skilful songsters, by the
most ardent lovers of music and by the most reputed of elocutionists. The
rhythmic cadences of his harmonious voice, the melodious intonations of his
musical flight and the snatches of vivid and picturesque representations of
nature, conjured up his lively and constructive faculty of imagination and his
powerful command of language appealed to the listeners’ spiritual sensibilities
[…]”</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">His
literary output was voluminous. He wrote original </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kavyas</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Prabandhas</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> that reflect a
rare creative genius, erudition and great felicity of expression. He wrote over
fifty books in Telugu, Sanskrit and Atcha-Telugu (</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Desyandhramu</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> or Telugu
unmixed of Sanskrit). His works included original story-poems (</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kavyas</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Prabandhas</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">), Harikathas,
prose works, musical works, dramas, translations, treatises on philosophy
and Vedic studies and children’s literature. Here is a brief list of
his works:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">LITERARY
WORKS</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">In </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Navarasa Tarangini</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, he compared and
contrasted the treatment of the nine rasas or moods in the plays of
Kalidas and Shakespeare. His magnum opus </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Jagajjyothi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> is a treatise
on various streams of Hindu philosophy.</span></div>
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In </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Rubaiyat
of Omar Khaiyam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, he translated the original Persian quatrains and
Edward Fitzgerald’s English translation into Sanskrit and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Atcha-Telugu,</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> to prove that
Fitzgerald’s translation did not do justice to the Persian poet. Dr. Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan (former President of India) had this to say of the work:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">“[…] was greatly struck by his varied
talents, remarkable linguistic equipment, and technical power of versification.
[…] The Telugu verses are written in what is called Atcha Telugu or
pure Telugu, which is rather difficult. […] I am tempted to congratulate
him on a performance which, taking all things into account, is certainly
astounding.”</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">In
a review published as an editorial entitled ‘</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">A Monument of Scholarship’, The
Hyderabad Bulletin</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(16-1-1937) had this to say of the
work:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">“[…] We are certainly unaware of any
recent instance in India where so much learning has been brought to bear on
what is no less certainly a labour of love, for it is evident that there are
few persons familiar with the Sanskrit language who are anxious to have a
rendering of the Persian original.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0.3in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">“Pandit Narayandas’s erudition is
enhanced by the fact that even in using his own mother tongue, he has selected
what is called Atchha-Telugu, a language that only a handful can understand.
The work therefore is not intended for the masses, and the learned author
expects no profits out of his scholarship. […]” </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sahitya
Akademi has recently brought out a new edition of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Rubaiyat of Omar
Khaiyam</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">originally published
in 1932.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">His Samskrit works
include </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tarakam</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(an original
Kavyam that reflects his rare command over Sanskrit idiom and
grammar); </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Harikathamrutam</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(the story of Sri Krishna in
three Harikathas); </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ramachandra Satakam</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kasi Satakam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.
His Atcha-Telugu works include </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Talli Vinki</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(exposition of Sri
Lalitha Sahasranamams, each in a verse); </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Vennuni Veyi Perla Vinakari</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(exposition of Sri
Vishnu Sahasranamams, each in a verse) </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ruksangraham</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(also known as </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Mokkubadi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, a<b> </b>translation
and musical composition for 304 selected Ruks) and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Manki Mink"</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(an introduction to
Ayurveda).</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">CREATION
OF HARIKATHA</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Traditional
religious discourses in the form of Harikatha as a medium to
inculcate Bhakti and entertain were in vogue in several states
including Maharastra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra. Each had a different
format and they all had more than one performer, for story telling, rendering
music etc. Narayana Das opined the art form of Harikatha dated back
to Vedic times. There were references to Harikatha in Rig
Veda. These Harikathas involved the performance of several artistes
during performance of Yaznas. The objective of
these Harikathas was to keep the Yaznik awake during the
course of the Yazna and entertain the audience. In
the Harikatha Narayana Das created, he fused several art forms into
one. These include kathaprvachanam (story
narration), aasukavitwam (composing poetry extempore),
rendering classical music, dancing and acting. The musical
part has the usual instrumental accompaniments like mridangam and violin but
the Haridas has to perform all the five components.<b> </b>Narayana
Das stated that the objective of his Harikatha was to
inculcate Bhakti and Jnana and seeking Moksha<b> </b>through
virtuous behaviour. Having invented the vehicle, he wrote twenty
one Harikathas, seventeen in Telugu, three in Samskrit and
one in Atcha Telugu. The creation Harikatha earned him the title
of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Harikathapitamaha</span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> The literary
and musical elite of his time awarded him the title of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sangeetha Sahitya
Sarvabhouma</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tirumala Tirupathi
Devasthanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> has
undertaken the task of republishing Narayana Das’ Harikathas. </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Yadhartha
Ramayanamu, </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a compilation of six Harikathas based on
stories from Ramayana, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ambarisha Charitramu</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Prahlada Charitamu, Savitri
Charitramu </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Harikathamrutamu</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> (the story
of Sri Krishna in three Harikathas in Sanskrit) were
published so far.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">MUSICAL
GENIUS</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The
Vijayanagaram of the late nineteenth century was a haven of literary and artistic
talent and was - to borrow a phrase from renaissance literature - in a state
of intellectual ferment. It was the perfect ambience for the muses in the
soul of a burgeoning artiste, fluttering wings to break free and find
expression in his work. It was in the company of virtuosos like Durvasula
Suryanarayana Somayajulu, Kaligotla Kamaraju, Mohabat Khan, Pappu Venkanna and
Veena Venkataramana Dasu that Narayana Das’ innate artistry blossomed
and flourished.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The
cultivation of the Hindustani style added a rare and unique hybrid
timbre to his music not usually found in the rendering
of Carnatic singers and won him many accolades including those from
the Maharajah of Mysore and Rabindranath Tagore. This is because it was unusual
for Carnatic singers to be able to sing Hindustani and vice
versa.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The
hybrid style he developed left an indelible stamp on the progress
of Carnatic music. It was adopted by later musicians including some
of the greats of Carnatic music, marking it as the sui
generis of Vizianagaram music. Eventually when Narayana Das became the
first principal of Sri Vijayarama Gana Pathasala it became part of the
curriculum, which was sought by Rabindranath Tagore to be introduced in
Visva-Bharati University.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Narayana
Das exhibited his musical genius in the </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">asta-avadhanams </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">he performed too, by
introducing several musical elements in them. He called his </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">asta-avadhanams</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">sangeetha-asta-avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">asadhya-asta-avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. The </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">sangeetha
asta-avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> included composing a kriti based on
a specified raga and tala; singing a </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">kriti</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> synchronising
it with three different talas played by three different
panellists. The musical feats in the variations of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> (</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">asadhya
ashta-avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">sangeetha ashta-avadhanam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">) were Narayana Das’
initial experiments with tala which evolved into </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">panchamuki </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">shanmukhi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> in later years.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Narayana
Das was the first principal (1919-1936) of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sri Vijayarama Gana Pathasala</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, South India’s first
music college founded by the Maharajah of Vizianagaram. In fact, the Maharajah
established the college to honour Pandit Narayana Das and enable enthusiasts to
learn music from him. The college produced many great musicians. Pandit
Narayana Das inducted violin maestro Dwaram Venkata Swamy Naidu as a lecturer
in the college.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A
MONUMENT OF LITERARY & MUSICAL CRAFTSMANSHIP</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dasavidha
Raga Navati Kusuma Manjari </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">is a musical work in which Pandit
Adibhatla Narayana Das exhibited his monumental skill in literary
craftsmanship and musical composition. It is a raga
malika comprising ninety ragas in ten categories and
nine ragas in each category. The ten categories are: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">(1) Sarva-sampurna
ragas (2) Shadava-oudava ragas (3) Oudava-shadava
ragas (4) Sampurna-oudava ragas (5) Oudava-sampurna
ragas (6) Suddha-shadava ragas (7) Sampurna-shadava
ragas (8) Shadava-sampurna ragas (9) Suddha-oudava
ragas & (10) Vakra ragas. </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">As the ninety ragas are woven
as flowers in a garland, it is named </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dasavidha Raga Navati Kusuma Manjari</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">raga malika</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> is a prayer to
goddess Kanyakumari and is in two parts, the first half
in Sanskrit and the second in Telugu. The names of
the ragas are used as a part of the prayer in each line of the first
part. The same ragas are repeated in the inverse order in the second
half. The </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">raga malika </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">can be sung in all talas evolving from
the five </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">jatis</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">eka tala</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. An important
feature of this </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">raga malika </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">is this: while a vocalist sings it, and five
musicians keep time each with a different eka-tala, by the time the </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">raga malika</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> is completely
sung all the eka talas could be concluded and not anywhere in
between.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">If
a musician can accomplish singing the </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">raga malika</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> to five different talas it
would be a great achievement. Pandit Narayana Das used to perform such a
feat which he called </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Panchamukhi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, after the five facets of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Paramasiva</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. The five </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">talas </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">correspond to the
five facets of P</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">aramasiva </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">known as </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sadyojatha</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Vamadeva</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Eesana</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tatpurusha</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Aghora</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. The
five talas he used to perform were </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">trisragati</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> with the right
hand; </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">chaturasragati</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> with the left
hand; </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">khanda</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> with the right
shoulder; </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">misra </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">with the left shoulder and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">sankeerna</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> with the head.
He also performed </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Shanmukhi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> (singing to six </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">talas</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">) in which, he
performed all the five talas mentioned above while performing a
sixth </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">tala </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">called </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">laghusekharam</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. The performance
of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Panchamukhi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Shanmukhi</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> earned him the
titles of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Panchamuki Parameswara </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and<b> </b></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Laya Brahma</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">‘Mahamahopadhyaya’,
‘Sangeethasekhara’ Nookala Chinasatyanarayana has this to say of
the Sangeetha Prabandham: “A student of this prabandham who begins
his musical education with the first line becomes a vidwan by the time he
accomplishes singing the 180<sup>th</sup> line or aavartham. If a music
vidwan practises this Prabandham daily, there would be nothing beyond his
capability with regard to performance of music or tala.” </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">For
more on the life and work of </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pandit Narayana Das </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and reviews of his
literary works, see:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783">https://www.adibhatlanarayanadas.org/</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajjada_Adibhatla_Narayana_Dasu</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783"><span style="color: purple;">http://archive.org/details/sarasvathaneeraj022935mbp</span></a> </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: purple;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: purple;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783">http://www.in.com/music/album/sri-adibhatla-narayana-dasa-vaggeya-vaibhavam-telugu-93676.html</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: purple; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/673954794104046895/1501886846108295783">http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=ad001149</a></span></span></div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-14455886155496543442020-05-24T20:16:00.002+05:302020-05-25T22:49:01.342+05:30ఆదిభట్ల నారాయణ దాసు గారిది ఏ మతం <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: medium;">ఆదిభట్ల నారాయణ దాసు గారిది ఏ మతం? ఆయన మాటలలోనే వినండి!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: medium;">"చం: కలయందెత్తెడు మేను దోచెడి జగత్కార్యంబులుం జిత్తసం</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> చలత న్వాస్తవ మందుపోల్కిగనుడీ సర్వ ప్రపంచంబు న</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> జ్ఞులకు న్నిక్కముగాగనంబడును బ్రాజ్ఞు ల్పూర్ణభావంబు ని</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> శ్చలమౌట న్దమకన్న వేరు గన రీశత్వంబు బ్రాపించుచున్</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: medium;">"అనియు ననగా మనఃకల్పిత మీదృశ్యమంతయుగాని వాస్తవము కాదని ప్రస్థానత్రయము మొదలగు వేదాంతగ్రంథములు జూచుటచే దృఢవిశ్వాసము కలిగెను." </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;">— ఆదిభట్ల నారాయణ దాసు. (2012). <b>నాయెరుక</b>. మోదుగుల రవికృష్ణ (<i>సం</i>) మిత్రమండలి ప్రచురణలు. గుంటూరు. పు. 200</span></div>
VOXINDICAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00465966624447645721noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-673954794104046895.post-86843925074399914162020-01-27T18:24:00.000+05:302020-01-28T14:19:56.343+05:30आदिभट्ल नारायण दासस्य काशीशतकस्य विश्लेषणात्मकम् अध्ययनम् <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: blue;"><i>This paper was presented at the All–India Oriental Conference held in Nagpur during January 10-12, 2020 and was adjudged as the best paper presented. It is reproduced here with the author's permission</i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">ādibhaṭlanārāyaṇadāsasya
kāśīśatakasya </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">viśleṣāṇātmakam
adhyayanam</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">An analytical
study of Kasisatakam, a travelogue authored by Adibhatla Narayanadasu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">डां. के. वरलक्ष्मीः</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उपनिदेशिका</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">संस्कृत अकादमी, उस्मानियाविश्वविद्यालयः, हैदराबाद, तेलङ्गाणा</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">varalakshmihari@gmail.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शोधपत्रसारः</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">परिचयः</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> – लौकिकसंस्कृतवाङ्मये मुक्तककाव्यानि महत्त्वपूर्णस्थानं
वहन्ति। मुक्तककाव्यस्य लक्षणम् अग्निपुराणे उल्लिखितमित्थम् – </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> ‘<span lang="SA">मुक्तकं श्लोकं एवैकश्चमत्कारक्षमः सताम्।</span>‘<span lang="SA"> अग्निपुराणम् – 337.36 </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मुक्तककाव्ये चमत्कारक्षमता<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>प्राधान्यं भजति। मुक्तककाव्यानि शृङ्गाररसप्रधानानि भक्तिरसप्रधानानि
स्तोत्रपरकाणि च भवन्ति। मयूरकवेः सूर्यशतकं, बाणस्य चण्डीशतकं, भर्तृहरेः
नीतिशतकं, शङ्गारशतकं वैराग्यशतकम् इत्यीदीनि नैकानि मुक्तककाव्यपरम्परायाम्
विराजन्ते। शतककाव्ये शतं श्लोकाः भवन्ति। कदाचित् शताधिकाः श्लोकाः अपि भवन्ति।
श्रीमदज्जाडादिभट्लनारायणदासेन विरचितं </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतकं</span>’<span lang="SA"> मुक्तककाव्यपरम्परायामेव अन्तर्भवति। श्रीमदज्जाडादिभट्लनारायणदासः
हरिकथापितामहः इति प्रथितः। सः बहुभाषाकोविदः। </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आधुनिकरचनासम्प्रदाये </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘Travelogue literature’ <span lang="SA">यात्रावृत्तम् इति
यत् व्यवह्रियते तदेव </span>‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतकम्</span>’<span lang="SA"> इति
निश्चप्रचं वक्तुं शक्यते। यतः<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>श्रीमदज्जाडादिभट्लनारायणदासः क्रि.श. 1910 तमे वर्षे काशीयात्रां चकार। </span>‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतके</span>’<span lang="SA"> काशीयात्रायाः वर्णनमेव प्रधानेतिवृत्तम्।
काशीक्षेत्रस्य विश्वेश्वरस्य महिमानं वर्णयन् समकालिकसामाजिकस्थितिमपि अक्षरबद्धं
चकार कविः। </span>‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतकम्</span>’<span lang="SA"> इति
यात्रावृत्तस्य विश्लेषणात्मकम् अध्ययनं नातिविस्तरेण शोधपत्रेऽस्मिन् प्रस्तूयते।
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आधुनिककाले संस्कृतसाहित्यजगति नूतनाः प्रवृत्तयः दरीदृश्यन्ते। महाकाव्यानि,
लघुकाव्यानि, खण्डकाव्यानि, मुक्तककाव्यानि, स्तोत्रकाव्यानि, शतककाव्यानीति
रचनाप्रवृत्तयः तु परिचिताः। एकाङ्किनाटकानि सूडोकविता हैकुकविता, शतककाव्यानि यात्राकाव्यानि
इति अद्यत्वे अन्या काचित् नव्या रचनापरम्परा प्रचलति। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.1 शतककाव्यानि </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">निर्दिष्टविषयम् अवलम्ब्य सहृदयहृदयेभ्यः चमत्कारं जनयितुं समर्थं भवति
शतककाव्यवाङ्मयम्। नीतिभक्तिवैराग्यविषयान् प्रबोधयितुम् अनुकूलमस्ति शतकवाङ्मयम्।
शतकपदभूयिष्ठानि काव्यानि नैकानि संस्कृतसाहित्ये अतीव प्रसिद्धानि।
चाणक्यनीतिशतकं, बाणभट्टस्य चण्डीशतकं मयूरस्य सूर्यशतकं भर्तृहरेः
नीतिशृङ्गारवैराग्यशतकानि केसरिवेङ्कटनाथस्य अच्युतशतकं गुमानीकवेः गुमानीशतकम्
अप्पय्यदीक्षितस्य वैराग्यशतकं, अवतारकवेः ईश्वरशतकं विश्वेश्वरपाण्डेयस्य
रोमावलीशतकं गोकुलनाथस्य शिवशतकं जनार्धनभट्टगोस्वामिनः शृङ्गारशतकं भास्कररायस्य
श्रीकुमारशतकं सन्निधानं सूर्यनारायणशास्त्रिणः वेङ्कटेश्वरवचनशतकं
एस्.टि.जि.वरदाचार्याणां सुमतिवेमनदाशरथिशतकानि शतककाव्यपरम्परायाम् अन्तर्भवन्ति।
तस्यां परम्परायामेव उल्लेखनीयार्हम् अस्ति हरिकथापितामहस्य
आदिभट्टनारायणदासविरचितं शतकद्वयम्। काशीशतकं रामचन्द्रशतकम् उभयमपि सङ्कलनरूपेण
शतकद्वयम् इति नाम्ना पुस्तकं मुद्रापितम्।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आधुनिककाव्यपरम्परायां यात्राकाव्यानि अपि विलसन्ति येषु प्रतिभासम्पन्नाः
कविपण्डिताः स्वजीवने कृतायाः यात्रायाः विशेषान् छन्दोमयकाव्यरूपेण उपनिबन्धन्ति।
शर्मण्यदेशः सुतरां विभाति थाईदेशविलसम् इति यात्राकाव्यद्वयं डां.
सत्यव्रतशास्त्रिणा विरचितम्। ततोऽपि पूर्वमेव आदिभट्टनारायणदासः काशीशतकम् इति
यात्राकाव्यमेकं रचयित्वा यात्राकाव्यसम्प्रदायस्य आदिकविः बभूव।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. <b><span lang="SA">यात्राकाव्यं काशीशतकम् </span><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आधुनिकरचनासम्प्रदाये </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘Travelogue literature’ <span lang="SA">यात्राकाव्यानि इति
यः रचनाप्रकारः अस्ति तस्मिन्नेव अन्तर्भवति </span>‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतकम्</span>’<span lang="SA"> इति निश्चप्रचं वक्तुं शक्यते। यतः<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>श्रीमदज्जाडादिभट्लनारायणदासः सपरिवारः क्रि.श. 1910 तमे वर्षे काशीयात्रां
चकार। </span>‘<span lang="SA">काशीशतके</span>’<span lang="SA"> काशीयात्रायाः
वर्णनमेव प्रधानेतिवृत्तम्। काशीक्षेत्रस्य विश्वेश्वरस्य महिमानं काशीक्षेत्रस्य
भौगोलिकस्थितिञ्च वर्णयन् समकालिकसामाजिकस्थितिमपि अक्षरबद्धं चकार कविः। </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.1 कविः हरिकथापितामहः आदिभट्टनारायणदासः</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आदिभट्टनारायणदासः क्रि.श. 1864 तमे वर्षे विजयनगरस्थबलिजमण्डलान्तर्गते
अज्जाडनामके ग्रामे लब्धजनिः। <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>बहुभाषावेत्ता बहुग्रन्थकर्त्ता च
आन्ध्रप्रदेशस्थविजयनगरे सङ्गीतकलाशालायाः प्रधानाचार्यः आसीत्।
तेलुगु-संस्कृत-हिन्दी-वङ्ग-फारसी-आङ्ग्लभाषातल्लजः आदीभट्टनारायणदासः।
हरिकथासम्प्रदायस्य प्रचारप्रसारे कृतभूरिपरिश्रमः सः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.2 आदिभट्टनारायणस्य संस्कृतरचनाः</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">बहुभाषावेत्ता बहुग्रन्थकर्त्ता च आदिभट्टनारायणस्य नैकग्रन्थान् रचयामास।
तेषु काश्चन संस्कृतरचनाः उमरखय्याम् हरिकथामृतं तारकम् शतकद्वयम् इत्यादयः सन्ति।
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">.<span lang="SA"> काशीशतकस्य काव्यतत्त्वानि</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीयात्रानुभवरूपस्य काशीशतकस्य इतिवृत्तं छन्दोवैशिष्ट्यम्
अलङ्कारवैशिष्ट्यं रसवैशिष्ट्यं व्याकरणप्रयोगवैशिष्ट्यं भौगोलिकवर्णनवैशिष्ट्यं
सामाजिकवर्णनवैशिष्ट्यञ्चेति काव्यतत्त्वानि क्रमशः नातिविस्तरेणात्र
प्रस्तूयन्ते।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.1 काव्यस्य इतिवृत्तम्</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">क्रि.श. 1910 तमे वर्षे पञ्चाशद्वर्षदेशीयः <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>आदिभट्टनारायणदासः धर्मपत्न्या सह काशीयात्रां
कृत्वा तत्र प्राप्तं स्वीयानुभवम् एतच्छतकरूपेण निबबन्ध। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शिवरात्रिदिने
प्रातस्स्नात्वा गङ्गाजले वयम्।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">अतिकष्टेन विश्वेशम्
अभिषिच्यागताः पुनः।। का.श.36</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">नारायणदासवर्यः सपरिवारः यस्मिन् वर्षे काशीयात्रां चकार तस्य वर्षस्य
शिवरात्रिपर्व काश्यामेव समाचरदिति प्रमाणयति श्लोकोऽयम्।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीक्षेत्रं मुक्तिप्रदायकेषु अयोध्यादिषु सप्तसु प्रधनतमा। तत्र
मोक्षप्राप्तये अपेक्षितानि साधनानि नैकानि वर्त्तन्ते। तादृशस्य मुक्तिप्रदायकक्षेत्रस्य
महत्त्वं स्वरूपं समृद्धिं सामाजिकस्थितिं भौगोलिकवर्णनं संस्कृतिं
प्रकृतिसौन्दर्यञ्च वर्णयामास कविः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.2 छन्दोवैशिष्ट्यम् </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आदिभट्टनारायणदासः काशीशतकम् इति भक्तिरसप्रपूर्णं यात्राकाव्यम्
अनुष्टुप्छन्दसा रचयामास। क्षेमेन्द्रस्य सुवृत्ततिलके उक्तम् अनुष्टुप् नामकस्य
छन्दसः लक्षणम्। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">पञ्चमं लघु सर्वेषु
सप्तमं द्विचतुर्थयोः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">गुरु षष्ठं च
सर्वेषामेतच्छ्लोकस्य लक्षणम्।।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> (सुवृत्ततिलकम् –
1-14,15)</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आरम्भे सर्गबन्धस्य
कथाविस्तरसङ्ग्रहे</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शमोपदेशवृत्तान्ते
सन्तः शंसन्त्यनुष्टुभम्।। </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">(सुवृत्ततिलकम् –
3.16)</span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">असङ्ख्यो
भेदसंसर्गादनुष्टुप् छन्दसां गणः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">तत्र लक्ष्यानुसारेण
श्रव्यतायाः प्रधानता।। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<pre style="line-height: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शमोपदेशवृत्तान्ते अनुष्टुभं शंसन्ति सन्तः इति क्षेमेन्द्रः सुवृत्ततिलके अनुष्टुप् नामकस्य छन्दसः प्रयोगवैशिष्ट्यम् उदलिखत्। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘</span><span lang="HI" style="color: black; font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शमो नाम मनोनिग्रहः</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: black; font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">’</span><span lang="SA" style="color: black; font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> इति तत्त्वबोधः।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">शमोपदायकमस्ति अनुष्टुप्छन्दः इत्येव भक्तिरसोपेतं काशीशतकं
अनुष्टुप्छन्दोबद्धं चकार कविः।</span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.3 अलङ्कारवैशिष्ट्यम् </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काव्यतत्त्वेषु अलङ्काराणां प्राधान्यं महत् वर्त्तते। कविः
काशीक्षेत्रविशेषान् सुन्दरैः अलङ्कारैः न्यरूपयत्। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.3.1 उत्प्रेक्षालङ्कारवैशिष्ट्यम् </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>सर्वेषु अलङ्कारेषु उत्प्रेक्षा
अत्यादरेण कविः प्रयुक्तवान्। कुवलयानन्देन उल्लिखितं तल्लक्षणं यथा</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">सम्भावना स्यादुत्प्रेक्षा
वस्तुहेतुफलात्मना।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उक्तानुक्तास्पदाद्यत्र
सिद्धासिद्धास्पदे परे।।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> कुवलयानन्दः 30 </span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">नृन् कैलासं नयन्तीव
याति जाह्नव्युदङ्मुखम्।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">अनुगङ्गं वाराणसी
सौधश्रेण्यर्धचन्द्रवत्।। </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">(का.श. 2)</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">नरान् कैलासं नयन्ती इव गङ्गानदी उदङ्मुखं प्रवहति। तत्तीरे काशीनगरसौधश्रेणी
अर्धचन्द्रवत् विराजते इति श्लोके प्रयुक्तः उत्प्रेक्षालङ्कारः चित्तं चमत्करोति।
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीपुर्यां
सूर्योदयमित्थम् उत्प्रेक्षते कविः</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">पुनरावृत्तिरहितमार्गं
स्वस्मिन्ददन्निव।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उदेति सूर्योऽभिमुखं
गङ्गास्नानं प्रकुर्वताम्।। का.श. </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">गङ्गायां जलं शिशिरर्तौ गभीरं निर्मलं पूर्णञ्च भवति। तज्जलं तत्तीरे
ध्यानमग्नस्य योगिनः दृष्ट्या सुन्दरतया उपमीयते।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">गभीरं निर्मलं
स्निग्धमापूर्णं भाति जाह्नवी।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">असीवरुणयोर्मध्ये
शिशिरे योगिदृष्टिवत्।। का.श. 3 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.3.2 उपमालङ्कारप्रयोगवैशिष्ट्यम्</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> – रुचिरैः
उपमालङ्कारैरपि कविः काशीवैभवं वर्णयामास।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उपमालङ्कारलक्षणं कुवलयानन्दे उक्तं यथा – </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उपमा यत्र सादृश्यलक्ष्मीरुल्लसति द्वयोः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">हंसीव कृष्ण ते कीर्तिः स्वर्गङ्गामवगाहते।। </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">कुवलयानन्दः - 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीनिवासिनीनाम् अङ्गनानां तनुच्छाया अतिसुषमा। ताः अरुन्धत्या सौदामन्या
पाञ्चालिकया च उपमीयन्ते।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b><span lang="SA">सौधस्याग्रेऽरुन्धतीव
मध्ये सौदामनी यथा।</span><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SA">अधस्तात्पाञ्चालिकेव
काश्यां भाति कुलाङ्गना।। </span></span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">का.श. 44</span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.3.3 अर्थान्तरन्यासालङ्कारप्रयोगवैशिष्ट्यम् </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">- काशीनगरस्याम्बरतले उत्क्षिप्तं पतङ्गकम्
अर्थान्तरन्यासालङ्कारप्रयोगेण<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>सुन्दरतया
वर्णयामास कविः।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">कुवलयानन्दोक्तम् अर्थान्तरन्यासालङ्कारलक्षणम्</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यासः
स्यात्सामान्यविशेषयोः। कुवलयानन्दः </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">सूत्रेणोत्क्षिप्तमाकाशे
वीक्ष्य श्येनः पतङ्गकम्।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">प्रहर्तुं तं प्रयतते
सहते कः परोन्नतिम्।। </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">का.श. 90</span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">श्येनः आकाशस्थं पतङ्गकं प्रहर्तुं प्रयतते इति विशेषः। परोन्नतिं कः सहते इति
सामान्यः। सामान्येन विशेषसमर्थनरूपस्य अर्थान्तरन्यासस्य उदाहरणमयं श्लोकः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.4 रसवैशिष्ट्यम्</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">रसात्मकं काव्यमिति विश्वनाथोक्तिः। रसाः अष्टौ इति भरतः नाट्यशास्त्रे
उदलिखत्। शान्तोऽपि नवमरसत्वेन अङ्गीकृतः आलङ्कारिकैः।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SA"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span lang="SA"> <b>शृङ्गारहास्यकरुणा रौद्रवीरभयानकाः।</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SA">बीभत्साद्भुतसंज्ञौ
चेत्यष्टौ रसाः स्मृताः।। </span></span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">(ना.शा. 6.16)</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">रूपकगोस्वामी भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धुरिति ग्रन्थस्य प्रणेता स्वग्रन्थे भक्तिमपि
रसत्वेन पर्यगणयत्। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SA"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>भक्तिरसस्य प्रस्तुतिरखिलजगन्मङ्गलप्रसङ्गस्य।</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SA">अज्ञेनापि मयाऽस्य
क्रियते सुहृदां प्रमोदाय।।</span></span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> (श्री.भ.सिन्धुः
पू.भा.6)</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">भक्तिरसभरितमिदं काशीशतकं काव्यं भक्तिरसतत्त्वानि नैकानि प्रस्तौति। भक्तिः
नवधा भवतीति सङ्केतयति कविः। यथा</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>दिष्ट्या श्रद्धा मानुषेषु
केष्वेव परिदृश्यते।</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>तस्या नवविधा भक्तिमार्गा
अवयवीकृताः।। </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">का.श. 23</span><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">श्रवणं कीर्त्तनं स्मरणम् अर्चनं वन्दनं दास्यं सख्यं पादसेवा आत्मनिवेदनं
चेति नवविधा भक्तिरुच्यते। काशीविश्वेश्वरं महदेवीं गङ्गां भक्ताग्रेसरान्
देवालयाश्च बहुधा वर्णयामास कविः। काशीशतकपठनेन सहृदयहृदयः पाठकः ब्रह्मानन्दसहोदरानन्दं
भक्तिरसानन्दं विन्दति इत्यस्मिन् नास्ति अतिशयोक्तिः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.5 व्याकरणप्रयोगविशेषाः </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीशतके नैके विशिष्टाः व्याकरणप्रयोगविशेषाः दरीदृश्यन्ते।
सिद्धान्तकौमुदीकाशिकादिव्याकरणग्रन्थेषु यानि विशिष्टानि उदाहरणानि सूत्राणां
विवरणात्मकानि दत्तानि वैयाकरणैः तानि यथातथं सन्दर्भानुकूलानि
काशीक्षेत्रवर्णनानुकूलानि च व्याकरणशास्त्रतल्लजः कविरयम् अतीवौचित्येन
व्याकरणपाण्डित्यप्रतिभया च प्रायुङ्क्त। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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याति जाह्नव्युदङ्मुखम्।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">अनुगङ्गं वाराणसी</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> सौधश्रेण्यर्धचन्द्रवत्।। 2 </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘<span lang="SA">यस्य चायामः।</span>‘<span lang="SA">
पा.अ.सू. 2.1.16</span></span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> सूत्रस्य अनुगङ्गं
वाराणसी इति अव्ययीभावसमासस्य उदाहरणम्।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>गङ्गायामेन वाराणसीयामः लक्ष्यते। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">‘<span lang="SA">पारे मध्ये षष्ठ्या वा।</span>‘<span lang="SA"> पा.अ.सू. 2.1.18</span></span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> सूत्रस्य मध्येगङ्गमिति उदाहरणमस्ति। पारमध्यशब्दौ षष्ठ्यन्तेन सह वा
समस्यते। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">महोबुड्डामङ्गलाख्यं महाद्भुतमुपागमत्।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">समया कुर्वन्ति पौरा
मध्येगङ्गमहर्निशम्।।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> का.श. 94</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मन्यकर्मण्यनादरे
विभाषाऽप्राणिषु। पा.अ.सू. 2.3.1 </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मन्यकर्मणि
प्राणिवर्जिते विभाषा चतुर्थी </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">विभक्तिर्भवति अनादरे गम्यमाने इति सूत्रार्थः। कारकप्रकरणे मन्यकर्मणि
चतुर्थीविभक्तिः विकल्पेन विधीयते। तस्य प्रयोगं कविः सन्दर्भानुगुणं चकार। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">भागीरथ्यां
कृतस्नानस्तीरमञ्चे जपञ्जनः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">तृणाय मन्यते मृत्युं
पुण्यं मूर्तीकृतं यथा।। </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">ध्वाङ्क्षेण क्षेपे। पा.अ.सू. 2.1.42</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> ध्वाङ्क्षवाचिना सुबन्तेन सह सप्तम्यन्तं सुबन्तं समस्यते तत्पुरुषश्च समासो
भवति क्षेपे गम्यमाने। तीर्थे ध्वाङ्क्ष इव तीर्थध्वाङ्क्षः अनवस्थितः इत्यर्थः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">व्याकरणशास्त्रप्रसिद्धान् प्रयोगान् कृत्वा कविः चमत्कारं जनयति।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">नापिता याचकाः
पुष्पलाविका अनुलेपकाः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">तीर्थध्वाङ्क्षा
आगतानां गङ्गातीरे समाश्रिताः।।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> का.श.14</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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द्वयसज्दघ्नञ्मात्रचः। पा.अ.सू. 5.2.37</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> प्रमाणम्
इत्यस्मिन् अर्थे प्रयुज्यमानात् </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">प्रथमासमर्थात् अस्य इत्यस्मिन् अर्थे द्वयसच् दघ्नञ् तथा मात्रच् प्रत्ययाः
भवन्ति इति अर्थः। शिवालयस्थं जलं जानुदघ्नम् अस्तीति कविः शास्त्रप्रसिद्धं
प्रयोगं चकार।</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">शिवालयेभिषेकाम्बु
जानुदघ्नं समन्ततः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">विसृष्टवृषभैर्बिल्वपत्रराशिरभक्ष्यत।।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> का.श. 40</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">असूर्यललाटयोः दृशितपोः।</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> पा.अ.सू. 3.2.36
इत्यस्य सूत्रस्य विशिष्टः प्रयोगः असूर्यम्पश्याः इति अस्ति। असूर्य ललाट इति
एतयोः उपपदयोः दृशितपोः धात्वोः खश्प्रत्ययः भवति। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">विराजते सौधमध्येऽसूर्यम्पश्यो
महाजनः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">वल्मीकान्तर्वर्तिनीव
पाण्डुराजपिपीलिकाः।। का.श.71</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">यत्र यत्र यदाकाङ्क्षे
तत्रतत्र तदाप्नुयात्।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">सदा कल्पलतायन्ते
काश्यामखिलवीथयः।। का.श.72</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">गायन्ती भैरवीं
प्रातर्मूर्छयन्ती सभासदः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मोहनास्त्रायते कापि
नृत्यन्ती वारसुन्दरी।। का.श. 97</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">अस्मिन् श्लोके गायन्ती मूर्छयन्ती नृत्यन्ती इति शत्रन्तप्रयोगाः कृताः। अपि
च कल्पलतायन्ते मोहनास्त्रायते इति नामधातुप्रयोगाः अपि दृष्टिगोचरीभवन्ति। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">प्रसन्नमुखपङ्केजो
बद्धपिङ्गशिरोरुहः।</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">महादेवो यथा तीरे भाति
कोऽपि दिगम्बरः।। का.श. 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">अस्मिन् श्लोके प्रसन्नमुखपङ्केजः इति विशिष्टः व्याकरणप्रयोगः अकारि कविना।
पङ्के जायते इति पङ्केजम्। सप्तम्यां जनेर्डः। 3.2.97 इति सूत्रेण जनेर्डः।
उपपदमतिङ्। 2.2.19 इति तत्पुरुषसमासः। तत्पुरुषे कृति बहुलम्। 6.3.13 इत्यलुक्।
पङ्कजम् अथवा पङ्केजम्। मुखमेव पङ्केजम् मुखपङ्केजम्। मयूरव्यंसकादयश्च। 2.1.72
इति तत्पुरुषः। प्रसन्नं मुखपङ्केजं यस्य सः प्रसन्नमुखपङ्केजः। अनेकमन्यपदार्थे। 2.2.24
इति बहुव्रीहिः। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">पूर्णं काव्यं विशिष्टव्याकरणपदप्रयोगैः परिपूर्णं सत् आह्लादं जनयति। </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span lang="SA">6 </span></span></b><b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीवर्णनवैशिष्ट्यम् </span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशीक्षेत्रमहिमवर्णनं नैकैः श्लोकैः अवर्णयत् कविः।
काशी मुक्तिस्थानं तच्च चतुर्वर्णैः सेव्यते। कविरपि तस्य महिमवर्णनेन धन्यो भवति।
(का.श.19)</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">सर्वक्षेत्रोत्तमा काशी सर्वसम्पत्समन्विता।</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">प्रत्यक्षकैलासपुरी मुमुक्षूणां निकेतनम्।। का.श.21</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.6.1 विश्वनाथवर्णनम्</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> – काशीशतकं काव्यं विश्वेश्वरस्तुत्या आरभत कविः। </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">संश्रिताभीष्टदं देवं सच्चिदानन्दविग्रहम्।</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">समस्तभुवनाधारं काशीविश्वेश्वरं भजे।। का.श.1</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">समस्तदेवेषु विश्वनाथः विशिष्यते तस्य मन्दिरं
स्वर्णगोपुरभूषितञ्चेति कविः स्वभक्तिं प्रकटीचकार।</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.6.2 गङ्गावर्णनम्</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>गङ्गाप्राशस्त्यं स्तौति कविः। गङ्गास्नानमहत्त्वञ्च प्रस्तौति। गङ्गायां
शवदाहवृत्तमपि अक्षरबद्धं चकार कविः। यात्रिकाः पिपीलिकावत् बाहुल्येन गङ्गातीरे
सञ्चरन्ति। करधनं दत्त्वा क्षौरकर्म कारयित्वा मणिकर्णिकाघट्टे भक्ताः स्नान्ति।
भक्तजनतारिणी गङ्गा बहुधा स्तुता अस्मिन् शतके काव्ये। </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">गभीरं निर्मलं स्निग्धमापूर्णं भाति जाह्नवी।</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">असीवरुणयोर्मध्ये शिशिरे योगिदृष्टिवत्।। का.श.3</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.6.3 भौगोलिकवर्णनम् </span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">क्रि.श. 1910 तमे वर्षे काशीयात्रां कृतवान् कविः काशीनगरनिर्माणकौशलमपि
वर्णयामास। गङ्गानदीं मणिकर्णिकाघट्टं <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>तीरसमाश्रितान्
नापितान् याचकान् पुष्पलाविकान् अनुलेपकान् तीर्थध्वाङ्क्षांश्च वर्णयामास कविः।
चतुष्षष्टिः घट्टाः वारणस्यां सन्ति।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>गङ्गातीरसमीपे व्यासकाशीति विराजते यां देवेन्द्रप्रभुः पालयति स्म। तस्मिन्
काले एव काश्यां अन्तर्लीनप्रणालिकाः आवसथेभ्यः मलिनजलानि गङ्गानदीं नयन्ति स्म।
नागरकत्वस्य जन्मभूमिः यतः नार्यः अवकुण्ठनवत्यः पुमांसः उष्णीषभूषिताः। काश्याम्
एकत्र घण्टापथाः पाठशालाः विशालानि उपवनानि वाप्यः नैकशिल्पभूषिताः गृहाः च सन्ति।
अपरत्र अत्यन्तं सङ्कुचितमार्गाः भवन्ति यत्र परिभ्रमन् नूतनः जनः कष्टम् अनुभवतीति
नगरसौन्दर्यं वर्णयामास कविः। </span><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काशी तिन्त्रिणीवृक्षसङ्कीर्णा। वेणुगुल्मावृता। समभूमिविराजिता
गोधूमसस्यश्यामला। नारिकेलवृक्षाः नैव लक्ष्यन्ते काश्यामिति सुष्ठु
काशीनगरभौगोलिकस्थितिं वर्णयामास नारायणदासवर्यः। </span><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(का.श. 28, 31, 33, 35, 52) </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.6.4 सामाजिकवर्णनम्</span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>पण्डितरविशङ्करः उस्ताद् बिस्मिल्लाखानः विदुषी गिरिजादेवी पण्डितः जोतिक्
भट्टाचार्यः किषन् महाराजः रामशङ्करसहायः अशुतोषभट्टाचार्यः इत्यादयः
हिन्दुस्थानीसङ्गीतज्ञाः काशीकीर्तिपताकध्वजं धरन्ति। कर्णाटकहिन्दुस्थानीसङ्गीतज्ञः
आदिभट्टनारायणदासः सङ्गीतज्ञस्सन् एतानि काशीक्षेत्रगतानि वैशिष्ट्यानि
अक्षरबद्धानि चकार। </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">वारस्त्री नृत्येन जनान् सम्मोहयति। भैरवीरागेण अपरा
वारसुन्दरी श्रोत्रानन्दं जनयति। वारयोषितः यात्रिकान् आकर्षन्ति। अत्र वानराः
यात्रिकाणां वस्त्रदीनि चोरयन्ति। सत्रेषु अन्नदानं कुर्वन्ति दातारः। छात्रेभ्यः
आश्रयं दत्त्वा विद्यादानं प्रोत्साहयन्ति। बौद्धानां यवनानाम् आङ्ग्लेयानाञ्च
प्रभावः काश्यामस्ति। अत्र सङ्कुचितस्थले निवसन्ति पौराः इत्यतः गौरवर्णाः भवन्ति।
कविः सहजशैल्या ललितललितपदैः काशीनगरस्य सामाजिकस्थितिं विशदीचकार। </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.6.5 काशीसंस्कृतिसम्प्रदायाः </span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काश्यां हिन्दुस्थानीभाषया व्यवहरन्ति
तत्स्थाननिवासिनः। तथैव काशी मधुरपदार्थानां विषये प्रसिद्धिं गता।
गव्यपदार्थविशेषाणां विषये तु अतीव प्रसिद्धा सा नगरी। काशीनगर्यां कौशेयवस्त्रं
मधुरबदरीफलञ्च प्रशस्तिं गते।</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काश्यां देशीयभाषायां सर्वदा भोज्यवस्तुषु।</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मर्त्यवेषेषु सङ्गीते सर्वत्र मधुरो रसः।। का.श. 30</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">काश्यां फाल्गुने मासि शुक्लपक्षे होलीत्युत्सवः
आचर्यते। पौर्णम्यां कामदहनं कुर्वन्ति। बुड्डामङ्गलाख्यः उत्सवः अत्र आचार्यते।
दिवानिशं पौराः गङ्गायाम् एनम् उत्सवमाचरन्ति। अत्रैव कृष्णः सान्दीपनिमुनेः सकाशे
अधीतविद्यः। षट्छास्त्रपारगाः पण्डिताः सन्ति। द्राविडब्राह्मणेभ्यः सदक्षिणम्
अन्नं दीयते इति काशीनगरसंस्कृतिसम्प्रदायान् विशदीचकार कविः। </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">उपसंहारः – </span></b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">विश्वेश्वरस्य गङ्गायाः काश्याश्च<b> </b>काशीगतचारित्रिकांशैः
सामाजिकस्थितिवर्णनैः भौगोलिकवर्णनैः संस्कृतिसम्प्रदायवर्णनैश्च नितराम्
शतककाव्येषु काशीशतकम् अतिशेते। मुक्तिस्थानं काशीं वर्णयित्वा कविः कृती भवतीति
स्वकाव्यरचनाप्रयोजनं नारायणदासवर्यः प्रकटीचकार। धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाः इति
चतुर्वर्गफलदायकमस्तीदं काशीशतम्।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आकरग्रन्थाः</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मुदिगोण्डगोपालरेड्डि,
1986, संस्कृतसाहित्यचरित्रम्, मुद्रणम् तेलुगुविश्वविद्यालयः, हैदराबाद्, मूल्यम्
रु. 30</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">/-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">पुल्लेलश्रीरामचन्द्रः,
1983, क्षेमेन्द्रस्य सुवृत्ततिलकम्, मुद्रणम्, सुरभारतीसमितिः,
उस्मानियाविश्वविद्यालयः हैदराबाद् </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आदिभट्लनारायणदासः
1914, काशीशतकम्, मुद्रणम् विविऐटि, नम्बूरु, गुण्टूरु, आन्ध्रप्रदेशः</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83">https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83</a></span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">आदिभट्टनारायणदासः
(1976) शतकद्वयम्, दासभारतीप्रकाशन, </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">मन्मोहनघोष,
नाट्यशास्त्रम् प्रथमो भागः,दि रायल् एसियाटिक् सोसयिटी आफ् बेङ्गाल् कोलकत्ता</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SA" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">रूपकगोस्वामी,
भक्तिरसामृतसिन्धुः श्रीश्यामदासहकीमव्रजगौरवप्रकाशन्, बाग्डुण्डेल, श्रीवृन्दावन</span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ramachandra Aiyar T.K. (2011), Kuvalayananda of Appayyadeekshita, published
by R.S. Vadhyar & Sons, Kalpathi, Palakkad 678 003. </span><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "sanskrit text" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Srisa
Chandra Vasu (2017), The Siddhanta Kaumudi of Bhattoji Dikshita, vol 1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>published by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,
ISBN: 10 - 8120812905 ISBN-13 978-8120812901</span></div>
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